Lapris Marco, Errico Michela, Rocchetti Gabriele, Gallo Antonio
Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Foods. 2024 Jun 2;13(11):1746. doi: 10.3390/foods13111746.
Mycotoxins are well-known secondary metabolites produced by several fungi that grow and occur in different crops during both pre-harvest and post-harvest conditions. The contamination and occurrence of mycotoxins currently represent some of the major issues in the entire agri-food system. The quantification of mycotoxins in different feeds and foodstuffs is extremely difficult because of the low concentration ranges; therefore, both sample collection and preparation are essential to providing accurate detection and reliable quantification. Currently, several analytical methods are available for the detection of mycotoxins in both feed and food products, and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) represents the most reliable instrumental approach. In particular, the fast development of high-throughput methods has made it possible to screen and analyze, in the same analytical run and with high accuracy, multiple mycotoxins, such as those regulated, masked, or modified, and emerging ones. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art of mycotoxins occurrence, health-related concerns, and analyses, discussing the need to perform multi-screening approaches combined with omics technologies to simultaneously analyze several mycotoxins in different feed and food matrices. This approach is expected to provide more comprehensive information about the profile and distribution of emerging mycotoxins, thus enhancing the understanding of their co-occurrence and impact on the entire production chain.
霉菌毒素是由几种真菌产生的知名次生代谢产物，这些真菌在收获前和收获后的不同作物中生长和出现。霉菌毒素的污染和存在目前是整个农业食品系统中的一些主要问题。由于浓度范围低，对不同饲料和食品中的霉菌毒素进行定量极其困难；因此，样品采集和制备对于提供准确检测和可靠定量至关重要。目前，有几种分析方法可用于检测饲料和食品中的霉菌毒素，液相色谱与高分辨率质谱联用（LC-HRMS）是最可靠的仪器方法。特别是，高通量方法的快速发展使得在同一分析运行中以高精度筛选和分析多种霉菌毒素成为可能，这些霉菌毒素包括受监管的、隐蔽的、修饰的以及新出现的霉菌毒素。因此，本综述的目的是概述霉菌毒素的发生状况、与健康相关的问题以及分析方法，讨论采用多筛选方法结合组学技术同时分析不同饲料和食品基质中多种霉菌毒素的必要性。预计这种方法将提供有关新出现霉菌毒素的概况和分布的更全面信息，从而加深对它们的共存情况及其对整个生产链影响的理解。
