Sam-Yellowe Tobili Y
Graduate College, Canisius University, 2001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14208-1098, USA.
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
Foods. 2024 Jun 2;13(11):1750. doi: 10.3390/foods13111750.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been shown to lower the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Improvements in depression, participation in daily activities in older individuals, weight loss and a reduction in adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The number of studies that have evaluated barriers to adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the US and, in particular, in racial and ethnic minority populations within the US are few. Among Native American and Alaskan Native populations, studies evaluating traditional or alternative Mediterranean diet adherence for chronic non-infectious diseases is unavailable. Mediterranean diet scoring instruments used in studies in European and Mediterranean countries and among white participants in the US fail to capture the dietary patterns of racial and ethnic minority populations. In this narrative review, the food components of the traditional Mediterranean diet are discussed, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is examined in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries and barriers preventing adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the US and among racial and ethnic minority populations is reviewed. Recommendations for improving nutrition education and intervention and for increasing adherence and cultural adaptions to the Mediterranean diet are provided.
坚持地中海饮食已被证明可降低患慢性非传染性疾病的风险，如心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和癌症。坚持地中海饮食与抑郁症改善、老年人日常活动参与度提高、体重减轻以及不良妊娠结局减少有关。在美国，特别是在美国的种族和少数民族人群中，评估坚持地中海饮食的障碍的研究数量很少。在美洲原住民和阿拉斯加原住民人群中，没有评估针对慢性非传染性疾病坚持传统或替代地中海饮食情况的研究。欧洲和地中海国家以及美国白人参与者的研究中使用的地中海饮食评分工具未能捕捉到种族和少数民族人群的饮食模式。在这篇叙述性综述中，讨论了传统地中海饮食的食物成分，研究了地中海国家和非地中海国家对地中海饮食的坚持情况，并综述了美国及种族和少数民族人群中阻碍坚持地中海饮食的障碍。还提供了改善营养教育和干预以及提高对地中海饮食的坚持和文化适应性的建议。
