Liu Xinyue, Wu Jiaxin, Li Meichen, Zuo Fuyuan, Zhang Gongwei
College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 May 31;14(11):1646. doi: 10.3390/ani14111646.
The transcriptome complexity and splicing patterns in male and female cattle are ambiguous, presenting a substantial obstacle to genomic selection programs that seek to improve productivity, disease resistance, and reproduction in cattle. A comparative transcriptomic analysis using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) was conducted in bovine testes (TESTs), ovaries (OVAs), muscles (MUSCs), and livers (LIVs). An average of 5,144,769 full-length reads were obtained from each sample. The TESTs were found to have the greatest number of alternative polyadenylation (APA) events involved in processes such as sperm flagellum development and fertilization in male reproduction. In total, 438 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in the LIVs in a comparison of females vs. males, and 214 DETs were identified in the MUSCs between females and males. Additionally, 14,735, 36,347, and 33,885 DETs were detected in MUSC vs. LIV, MUSC vs. TEST, and OVA vs. TEST comparisons, respectively, revealing the complexity of the TEST. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that these DETs were mainly involved in the "spermatogenesis", "flagellated sperm motility", "spermatid development", "reproduction", "reproductive process", and "microtubule-based movement" KEGG pathways. Additional studies are necessary to further characterize the transcriptome in different cell types, developmental stages, and physiological conditions in bovines and ascertain the functions of the novel transcripts.
雄性和雌性牛的转录组复杂性和剪接模式尚不明确，这给旨在提高牛的生产力、抗病能力和繁殖能力的基因组选择计划带来了巨大障碍。利用牛津纳米孔技术（ONT）对牛的睾丸（TESTs）、卵巢（OVAs）、肌肉（MUSCs）和肝脏（LIVs）进行了比较转录组分析。每个样本平均获得5,144,769条全长 reads。研究发现，TESTs中涉及雄性生殖过程中精子鞭毛发育和受精等过程的可变多聚腺苷酸化（APA）事件数量最多。在雌性与雄性的比较中，LIVs中总共鉴定出438个差异表达转录本（DETs），在雌性和雄性的MUSCs之间鉴定出214个DETs。此外，在MUSC与LIV、MUSC与TEST、OVA与TEST的比较中分别检测到14,735、36,347和33,885个DETs，揭示了TEST的复杂性。基因集富集分析（GSEA）表明，这些DETs主要参与“精子发生”、“有鞭毛精子运动”、“精子细胞发育”、“生殖”、“生殖过程”和“基于微管的运动”KEGG途径。需要进一步的研究来进一步表征牛在不同细胞类型、发育阶段和生理条件下的转录组，并确定新转录本的功能。
