Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Jun 5;16(11):1768. doi: 10.3390/nu16111768.
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the independent or combined use of nutritional ergogenic aids belonging to Group A of the ABCD classification by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in the context of cycling (caffeine, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrates, and glycerol). A comprehensive search was carried out using three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. All the databases were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials or crossover design studies assessing the effects of supplementation on cycling performance in comparison with placebos in healthy adults. The methodological quality of each study was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Thirty-six articles involving 701 participants were included in this review, examining supplementation with caffeine (n = 5), creatine (n = 2), sodium bicarbonate (n = 6), beta-alanine (n = 3), and nitrates (n = 8). Additionally, supplemental combinations of caffeine and creatine (n = 3), caffeine and sodium bicarbonate (n = 3), caffeine and nitrates (n = 1), creatine and sodium bicarbonate (n = 1), and sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine (n = 4) were analyzed. A benefit for cyclists' athletic performnce was found when consuming a caffeine supplement, and a potential positive effect was noted after the consumption of sodium bicarbonate, as well as after the combination of caffeine and creatine. However, no statistically significant effects were identified for the remaining supplements, whether administered individually or in combination.
本系统评价旨在评估澳大利亚体育学院（AIS）ABCD 分类组 A 中营养增强剂单独或联合使用在自行车运动（咖啡因、肌酸、碳酸氢钠、β-丙氨酸、硝酸盐和甘油）中的有效性。使用三个数据库（PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science）进行了全面搜索。在所有数据库中都搜索了随机对照试验或交叉设计研究，以评估补充剂与安慰剂相比对健康成年人自行车运动表现的影响。使用物理治疗证据数据库量表评估了每项研究的方法学质量。本综述共纳入 36 篇文章，涉及 701 名参与者，其中 5 篇研究补充咖啡因，2 篇研究补充肌酸，6 篇研究补充碳酸氢钠，3 篇研究补充β-丙氨酸，8 篇研究补充硝酸盐。此外，还分析了咖啡因和肌酸（n = 3）、咖啡因和碳酸氢钠（n = 3）、咖啡因和硝酸盐（n = 1）、肌酸和碳酸氢钠（n = 1）以及碳酸氢钠和β-丙氨酸（n = 4）的补充组合。摄入咖啡因补充剂可使自行车运动员的运动表现受益，摄入碳酸氢钠后可能会产生积极影响，摄入咖啡因和肌酸的组合后也可能会产生积极影响。然而，无论单独使用还是联合使用，其余补充剂均未发现具有统计学意义的效果。
