Biochemistry and Cell Therapy Unit, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, 03201 Elche, Spain.
Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03203 Alicante, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 22;14(13):2588. doi: 10.3390/nu14132588.
Nutritional ergogenic aids (NEAs) are substances included within the group of sports supplements. Although they are widely consumed by athletes, evidence-based analysis is required to support training outcomes or competitive performance in specific disciplines. Combat sports have a predominant use of anaerobic metabolism as a source of energy, reaching peak exertion or sustained effort for very short periods of time. In this context, the use of certain NEAs could help athletes to improve their performance in those specific combat skills (i.e., the number of attacks, throws and hits; jump height; and grip strength, among others) as well as in general physical aspects (time to exhaustion [TTE], power, fatigue perception, heart rate, use of anaerobic metabolism, etc.). Medline/PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO were searched from their inception to May 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Out of 677 articles found, 55 met the predefined inclusion criteria. Among all the studied NEAs, caffeine (5-10 mg/kg) showed strong evidence for its use in combat sports to enhance the use of glycolytic pathways for energy production during high-intensity actions due to a greater production of and tolerance to blood lactate levels. In this regard, abilities including the number of attacks, reaction time, handgrip strength, power and TTE, among others, were improved. Buffering supplements such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine may have a promising role in high and intermittent exertion during combat, but more studies are needed in grappling combat sports to confirm their efficacy during sustained isometric exertion. Other NEAs, including creatine, beetroot juice or glycerol, need further investigation to strengthen the evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports. Caffeine is the only NEA that has shown strong evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports.
营养性运动补剂（NEA）属于运动补剂的一种。尽管运动员广泛使用这些补剂，但仍需要进行基于证据的分析，以支持其在特定运动项目中的训练效果或竞技表现。格斗运动主要依赖无氧代谢作为能量来源，在短时间内达到峰值或持续用力。在这种情况下，某些 NEA 的使用可能有助于运动员提高特定格斗技能的表现（例如，攻击、投掷和击打次数；跳跃高度；握力等）以及一般身体方面的表现（力竭时间[TTE]、力量、疲劳感、心率、无氧代谢的利用等）。从建库到 2022 年 5 月，我们在 Medline/PubMed、Scopus 和 EBSCO 数据库中检索了随机对照试验（RCT）。在 677 篇文章中，有 55 篇符合预先设定的纳入标准。在所研究的所有 NEA 中，咖啡因（5-10mg/kg）在格斗运动中具有很强的使用证据，可以增强高强度运动中糖酵解途径的能量产生，因为它可以增加和耐受血乳酸水平。在这方面，包括攻击次数、反应时间、握力、力量和 TTE 等能力都得到了提高。缓冲补剂，如碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸钠和β-丙氨酸，在格斗中高强度和间歇性用力时可能具有良好的作用，但在缠斗格斗运动中还需要更多的研究来证实它们在持续等长用力时的功效。其他 NEA，包括肌酸、甜菜根汁或甘油，需要进一步研究以加强其在格斗运动中提高表现的证据。咖啡因是唯一一种在格斗运动中表现出增强性能的 NEA。
