Liao Ying-Han, Chang Yin-Hsuan, Lin Ting-Han, Lee Kun-Mu, Wu Ming-Chung
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan.
Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jun 3;17(11):2722. doi: 10.3390/ma17112722.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable interest owing to their low processing costs and high efficiency. A crucial component of these devices is the electron transport layer (ETL), which plays a key role in extracting and transmitting light-induced electrons, modifying interfaces, and adjusting surface energy levels. This minimizes charge recombination in PSCs, a critical factor in their performance. Among the various ETL materials, titanium dioxide (TiO) and tin dioxide (SnO) stand out due to their excellent electron mobility, suitable band alignment, high transparency, and stability. TiO is widely used because of its appropriate conduction band position, easy fabrication, and favorable charge extraction properties. SnO, on the other hand, offers higher electron mobility, better stability under UV illumination, and lower processing temperatures, making it a promising alternative. This paper summarizes the latest advancements in the research of electron transport materials, including material selection and a discussion of electron collection. Additionally, it examines doping techniques that enhance electron mobility and surface modification technologies that improve interface quality and reduce recombination. The impact of these parameters on the performance and passivation behavior of PSCs is also examined. Technological advancements in the ETL, especially those involving TiO and SnO, are currently a prominent research direction for achieving high-efficiency PSCs. This review covers the current state and future directions in ETL research for PSCs, highlighting the crucial role of TiO and SnO in enhancing device performance.
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）因其较低的加工成本和较高的效率而备受关注。这些器件的一个关键组件是电子传输层（ETL），它在提取和传输光生电子、修饰界面以及调整表面能级方面起着关键作用。这将钙钛矿太阳能电池中的电荷复合降至最低，而电荷复合是其性能的一个关键因素。在各种电子传输层材料中，二氧化钛（TiO）和二氧化锡（SnO）因其优异的电子迁移率、合适的能带排列、高透明度和稳定性而脱颖而出。TiO因其合适的导带位置、易于制备以及良好的电荷提取性能而被广泛使用。另一方面，SnO具有更高的电子迁移率、在紫外光照下更好的稳定性以及更低的加工温度，使其成为一种有前景的替代材料。本文总结了电子传输材料研究的最新进展，包括材料选择以及对电子收集的讨论。此外，还研究了提高电子迁移率的掺杂技术以及改善界面质量和减少复合的表面改性技术。还考察了这些参数对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能和钝化行为的影响。电子传输层的技术进步，尤其是涉及TiO和SnO的技术进步，目前是实现高效钙钛矿太阳能电池的一个突出研究方向。这篇综述涵盖了钙钛矿太阳能电池电子传输层研究的现状和未来方向，突出了TiO和SnO在提高器件性能方面的关键作用。
