Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Department of Plant Science and Agriculture, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2M0TB, Canada.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 May 21;24(11):3261. doi: 10.3390/s24113261.
Plant health monitoring is essential for understanding the impact of environmental stressors (biotic and abiotic) on crop production, and for tailoring plant developmental and adaptive responses accordingly. Plants are constantly exposed to different stressors like pathogens and soil pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) which pose a serious threat to their survival and to human health. Plants have the ability to respond to environmental stressors by undergoing rapid transcriptional, translational, and metabolic reprogramming at different cellular compartments in order to balance growth and adaptive responses. However, plants' exceptional responsiveness to environmental cues is highly complex, which is driven by diverse signaling molecules such as calcium Ca, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, small peptides and metabolites. Additionally, other factors like pH also influence these responses. The regulation and occurrence of these plant signaling molecules are often undetectable, necessitating nondestructive, live research approaches to understand their molecular complexity and functional traits during growth and stress conditions. With the advent of sensors, in vivo and in vitro understanding of some of these processes associated with plant physiology, signaling, metabolism, and development has provided a novel platform not only for decoding the biochemical complexity of signaling pathways but also for targeted engineering to improve diverse plant traits. The application of sensors in detecting pathogens and soil pollutants like heavy metal and pesticides plays a key role in protecting plant and human health. In this review, we provide an update on sensors used in plant biology for the detection of diverse signaling molecules and their functional attributes. We also discuss different types of sensors (biosensors and nanosensors) used in agriculture for detecting pesticides, pathogens and pollutants.
植物健康监测对于了解环境胁迫（生物和非生物）对作物生产的影响以及相应地调整植物发育和适应反应至关重要。植物不断暴露于不同的胁迫因子，如病原体和土壤污染物（重金属和农药），这些因素对它们的生存和人类健康构成严重威胁。植物有能力通过在不同的细胞区室中进行快速的转录、翻译和代谢重编程来应对环境胁迫，以平衡生长和适应反应。然而，植物对环境信号的特殊响应非常复杂，这是由多种信号分子驱动的，如钙（Ca）、活性氧（ROS）、激素、小肽和代谢物。此外，其他因素如 pH 值也会影响这些反应。这些植物信号分子的调节和发生通常是不可检测的，因此需要进行非破坏性的活体研究方法来了解它们在生长和胁迫条件下的分子复杂性和功能特征。随着传感器的出现，对一些与植物生理学、信号转导、代谢和发育相关的过程的体内和体外理解提供了一个新的平台，不仅可以解码信号通路的生化复杂性，还可以进行有针对性的工程设计来改善多种植物特性。传感器在检测病原体和土壤污染物（如重金属和农药）中的应用在保护植物和人类健康方面发挥着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于用于检测不同信号分子及其功能特性的植物生物学传感器的最新信息。我们还讨论了用于检测农药、病原体和污染物的农业中使用的不同类型的传感器（生物传感器和纳米传感器）。
