Ali Sajad, Tyagi Anshika, Bae Hanhong
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
Microorganisms. 2023 Feb 3;11(2):392. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020392.
Plant diseases pose a serious threat to crop production and the agricultural economy across the globe. Currently, chemical pesticides are frequently employed to combat these infections, which cause environmental toxicity and the emergence of resistant pathogens. Moreover, the genetic manipulation of plant defense pathways and the breeding of resistant genes has attained limited success due to the rapid evolution of pathogen virulence and resistance, together with host range expansion. Additionally, due to climate change and global warming, the occurrence of multiple stresses during disease outbreak has further impacted overall crop growth and productivity, posing a serious threat to food security. In this regard, harnessing the plant beneficial microbiome and its products can provide novel avenues for disease resistance in addition to boosting agricultural output, soil fertility and environmental sustainability. In plant-beneficial microbiome interactions, induced systemic resistance (ISR) has emerged as a key mechanism by which a beneficial microbiome primes the entire plant system for better defense against a wide range of phytopathogens and pests. In this review, we provide the recent developments on the role of plant beneficial microbiomes in disease resistance. We also highlight knowledge gaps and discuss how the plant immune system distinguishes pathogens and beneficial microbiota. Furthermore, we provide an overview on how immune signature hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), shape plant beneficial microbiome. We also discuss the importance of various high-throughput tools and their integration with synthetic biology to design tailored microbial communities for disease resistance. Finally, we conclude by highlighting important themes that need future attention in order to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the plant immune system and plant-beneficial-microbiome-mediated disease resistance.
植物病害对全球作物生产和农业经济构成严重威胁。目前，化学农药经常被用于对抗这些感染，但这会导致环境毒性和抗性病原体的出现。此外，由于病原体毒力和抗性的快速进化以及宿主范围的扩大，对植物防御途径的基因操纵和抗性基因的培育取得的成功有限。此外，由于气候变化和全球变暖，病害爆发期间多种胁迫的发生进一步影响了作物的整体生长和生产力，对粮食安全构成严重威胁。在这方面，利用植物有益微生物群落及其产物除了提高农业产量、土壤肥力和环境可持续性外，还可为抗病性提供新途径。在植物与有益微生物群落的相互作用中，诱导系统抗性（ISR）已成为一种关键机制，通过这种机制，有益微生物群落使整个植物系统做好准备，以更好地抵御多种植物病原体和害虫。在本综述中，我们介绍了植物有益微生物群落在抗病性方面的最新进展。我们还强调了知识空白，并讨论了植物免疫系统如何区分病原体和有益微生物群。此外，我们概述了免疫信号激素，如水杨酸（SA）、茉莉酸（JA）和乙烯（ET）如何塑造植物有益微生物群落。我们还讨论了各种高通量工具的重要性以及它们与合成生物学的整合，以设计针对抗病性的定制微生物群落。最后，我们强调了一些重要主题，这些主题需要未来关注，以填补关于植物免疫系统和植物有益微生物群落介导的抗病性方面的知识空白。
