4D4ALL Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Center for Health and Technology (CHaT), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jun 6;24(11):3686. doi: 10.3390/s24113686.
(1) Background: Marker-based 3D motion capture systems (MBS) are considered the gold standard in gait analysis. However, they have limitations for which markerless camera-based 3D motion capture systems (MCBS) could provide a solution. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the accuracy, validity, and reliability of MCBS and MBS. (2) Methods: A total of 2047 papers were systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines on 7 February 2024, in two different databases: Pubmed (1339) and WoS (708). The COSMIN-tool and EBRO guidelines were used to assess risk of bias and level of evidence. (3) Results: After full text screening, 22 papers were included. Spatiotemporal parameters showed overall good to excellent accuracy, validity, and reliability. For kinematic variables, hip and knee showed moderate to excellent agreement between the systems, while for the ankle joint, poor concurrent validity and reliability were measured. The accuracy and concurrent validity of walking speed were considered excellent in all cases, with only a small bias. The meta-analysis of the inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of walking speed, step time, and step length resulted in a good-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.81; 0.98). (4) Discussion and conclusions: MCBS are comparable in terms of accuracy, concurrent validity, and reliability to MBS in spatiotemporal parameters. Additionally, kinematic parameters for hip and knee in the sagittal plane are considered most valid and reliable but lack valid and accurate measurement outcomes in transverse and frontal planes. Customization and standardization of methodological procedures are necessary for future research to adequately compare protocols in clinical settings, with more attention to patient populations.
(1) 背景：基于标记的 3D 运动捕捉系统（MBS）被认为是步态分析的金标准。然而，它们存在局限性，而无标记基于相机的 3D 运动捕捉系统（MCBS）可以提供解决方案。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是比较 MCBS 和 MBS 的准确性、有效性和可靠性。
(2) 方法：根据 PRISMA 指南，于 2024 年 2 月 7 日在两个不同的数据库（Pubmed（1339）和 WoS（708））中系统地搜索了总共 2047 篇论文。使用 COSMIN 工具和 EBRO 指南评估偏倚风险和证据水平。
(3) 结果：经过全文筛选，共纳入 22 篇论文。时空参数总体显示出良好到极好的准确性、有效性和可靠性。对于运动学变量，髋关节和膝关节在系统之间显示出中等至极好的一致性，而对于踝关节，则测量出较差的同期有效性和可靠性。在所有情况下，步行速度的准确性和同期有效性均被认为是极好的，仅存在较小的偏差。对步行速度、步时和步长的组内相关性可靠性和同期有效性的荟萃分析得出了良好到极好的组内相关系数（ICC）（0.81；0.98）。
(4) 讨论和结论：在时空参数方面，MCBS 在准确性、同期有效性和可靠性方面与 MBS 相当。此外，矢状面髋关节和膝关节的运动学参数被认为最有效和可靠，但在横切面和额状面缺乏有效和准确的测量结果。未来的研究需要对方法学程序进行定制和标准化，以便在临床环境中充分比较协议，更多地关注患者群体。
