Department of Immunization Program, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 4;12:1320407. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320407. eCollection 2024.
Varicella, a highly contagious viral disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), affects millions globally, with a higher prevalence among children. After the initial infection, VZV lies dormant in sensory ganglia and has the potential to reactivate much later, causing herpes zoster (HZ). Vaccination is one of the most effective methods to prevent varicella, and the two-dose varicella vaccine (VarV) regimen is widely used around the world. In China, the VarV has been included in the national immunization programme with a recommended single-dose regimen. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two-dose vs. one-dose VarV regimen in children in Shanghai, China.
A prospective cohort study was conducted in Shanghai, China, from September 2018 to December 2022. The study enrolled children aged 3-18 years who had received either the one-dose, two-dose, or 0-dose VarV regimen. Vaccination history, varicella infection status, and relevant variables, including demographic information (name, date of birth and sex) and medical history (clinical features of varicella and illness duration) were collected through medical record review and parental interviews.
A total of 3,838 children were included in the study, with 407 in the 0-dose regimen group, 2,107 in the one-dose regimen group and 1,324 in the two-dose regimen group. The corresponding incidence density in these groups was 0.13, 0.05 and 0.03 cases per 1,000 person-days, respectively. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 81.7% (95%CI: 59.3-91.8%) for the two-dose regimen and 60.3% (95%CI: 29.3-77.7%) for the one-dose regimen, compared to the 0-dose regimen. The two-dose VarV regimen showed a protective effectiveness of 47.6% (95%CI: 2.5-71.9%) compared to the one-dose VarV regimen.
This study provides evidence supporting the greater effectiveness of the two-dose VarV regimen in preventing varicella infection compared to the one-dose regimen.
水痘是由水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）引起的一种高度传染性病毒性疾病，影响着全球数以百万计的人群，儿童中的发病率更高。初次感染后，VZV 潜伏在感觉神经节中，以后有重新激活的可能，引起带状疱疹（HZ）。接种疫苗是预防水痘最有效的方法之一，两剂水痘疫苗（VarV）方案在全球广泛使用。在中国，VarV 已被纳入国家免疫规划，推荐使用一剂方案。本研究旨在比较两剂与一剂 VarV 方案在中国上海儿童中的有效性。
这是一项在中国上海进行的前瞻性队列研究，时间为 2018 年 9 月至 2022 年 12 月。研究纳入了 3-18 岁接受过一剂、两剂或 0 剂 VarV 方案的儿童。通过病历回顾和家长访谈收集疫苗接种史、水痘感染状况以及包括人口统计学信息（姓名、出生日期和性别）和病史（水痘的临床特征和病程）在内的相关变量。
共纳入 3838 名儿童，0 剂方案组 407 名，一剂方案组 2107 名，两剂方案组 1324 名。三组的发病率密度分别为 0.13、0.05 和 0.03 例/1000 人天。两剂方案的调整疫苗有效性（VE）为 81.7%（95%CI：59.3-91.8%），一剂方案为 60.3%（95%CI：29.3-77.7%），与 0 剂方案相比。两剂 VarV 方案与一剂 VarV 方案相比，保护性有效性为 47.6%（95%CI：2.5-71.9%）。
本研究为两剂 VarV 方案在预防水痘感染方面优于一剂方案提供了证据。
