Kulkarni Spoorti, Alampally Harishanker, Guddattu Vasudev, Rodrigues Gabriel, Carnelio Sunitha
Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
F1000Res. 2024 Jun 27;11:1578. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.126091.3. eCollection 2022.
Various stemness markers (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) have been studied in odontogenic cysts and tumors. However, studies on SALL4 having similar properties of stemness has not been documented. Additionally, insight into fascin as a migratory molecule is less explored. In this study, the expression of SALL4 and fascin were evaluated in ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst (DC), radicular cyst (RC), and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC).
Semi-quantitative analysis of fascin and SALL4 immuno-positive cells was done in a total of 40 cases of ameloblastoma (11 plexiform, 12 follicular, 12 unicystic, and 5 desmoplastic) variants, 6 cases of AOT, 15 each of OKC, DC, RC and 5 of COC. Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between SALL4 and fascin expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors.
Fascin immunopositivity was observed in peripheral ameloblast-like cells, and the expression was weak or absent in stellate reticulum-like cells. A moderate to weak immune-reactivity to SALL4 was observed in the cytoplasm of ameloblastoma, epithelial cells of dentigerous and radicular cysts, having a marked inflammatory infiltrate, which was an interesting observation. COC and AOT had negative to weak expressions. No recurrence has been reported.
Expression of fascin in ameloblastomas elucidate their role in motility and localized invasion. Its expression in less aggressive lesions like DC, COC, AOT will incite to explore the other functional properties of fascin. SALL4 expression in the cytoplasm of odontogenic cysts and tumors may represent inactive or mutant forms which requires further validation.
多种干性标志物（SOX2、OCT4和NANOG）已在牙源性囊肿和肿瘤中得到研究。然而，关于具有类似干性特性的SALL4的研究尚无文献记载。此外，作为一种迁移分子的丝状肌动蛋白的相关研究较少。在本研究中，评估了SALL4和丝状肌动蛋白在成釉细胞瘤、腺样牙源性肿瘤（AOT）、牙源性角化囊肿（OKC）、含牙囊肿（DC）、根尖囊肿（RC）和牙源性钙化囊肿（COC）中的表达。
对总共40例成釉细胞瘤（11例丛状型、12例滤泡型、12例单囊型和5例促结缔组织增生型）变体、6例AOT、15例OKC、15例DC、15例RC和5例COC进行丝状肌动蛋白和SALL4免疫阳性细胞的半定量分析。应用卡方检验评估SALL4和丝状肌动蛋白在牙源性囊肿和肿瘤中的表达之间的相关性。
在周边成釉细胞样细胞中观察到丝状肌动蛋白免疫阳性，而在星网状细胞样细胞中表达较弱或缺失。在成釉细胞瘤、含牙囊肿和根尖囊肿的上皮细胞的细胞质中观察到对SALL4的中度至弱免疫反应性，伴有明显的炎症浸润，这是一个有趣的观察结果。COC和AOT表达为阴性至弱阳性。未报告复发情况。
丝状肌动蛋白在成釉细胞瘤中的表达阐明了其在运动性和局部侵袭中的作用。其在DC、COC、AOT等侵袭性较小的病变中的表达将促使人们探索丝状肌动蛋白的其他功能特性。牙源性囊肿和肿瘤细胞质中的SALL4表达可能代表无活性或突变形式，这需要进一步验证。
