Chang Fang-Juan, Zhang Gui-Yun, Zhang Li-Ping, Lü Bei-Bei, Liu Zhen, Fan Qiao-Lan, Yao Zhong
Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Jun 8;45(6):3553-3561. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202306208.
This study was conducted to clarify the long-term effects of biochar application on the structure and function of the fungal community in continuous cropping watermelon soil. Taking watermelon root soil as the research object, Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild platform were used to analyze the differences in soil fungal community composition, diversity, and function after 3-year biochar additions of 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 t·hm and to explore the correlation between soil environmental factors and fungal community structure under the control of biochar. The results showed that compared to that in the absence of biochar (control), the soil pH, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity increased, but available nitrogen decreased with biochar addition. High-throughput sequencing results showed that biochar amendment improved the fungal community structure in continuous cropping watermelon soil and increased the richness and diversity of soil fungi. A total of 922 OTU were obtained from all soil samples, and the species annotation results indicated that the dominant fungal groups were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Glomeromycota, with these phyla accounting for 85.70 %-92.45 % of the total sequences.The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota decreased, whereas the abundance of Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota increased with biochar addition.At the genus level, the application of biochar increased the relative abundance of and but decreased the abundance of . The Mantel test showed that soil available potassium, available nitrogen, organic matter, and pH were the main environmental factors leading to the shift in the soil fungal community composition.The functional prediction with FUNGuild showed that the many nutrient types among the different treatments were saprotrophic, pathotrophic, and symbiotrophic. The relative abundance of pathotrophs significantly decreased, but the abundance of symbiotrophs significantly increased with the medium and high doses of biochar treatment. In conclusion, the application of biochar changed the soil physicochemical properties, promoted the development of soil fungal community structure and functional groups in a healthy and beneficial direction, and improved the quality of continuous cropping watermelon soil.
本研究旨在阐明施用生物炭对连作西瓜土壤真菌群落结构和功能的长期影响。以西瓜根际土壤为研究对象，采用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序和FUNGuild平台，分析添加7.5、15.0和30.0 t·hm³生物炭3年后土壤真菌群落组成、多样性和功能的差异，并探讨在生物炭调控下土壤环境因子与真菌群落结构之间的相关性。结果表明，与不添加生物炭（对照）相比，添加生物炭后土壤pH值、有效磷、有效钾、全氮、有机质和阳离子交换量增加，但有效氮降低。高通量测序结果表明，生物炭改良改善了连作西瓜土壤的真菌群落结构，增加了土壤真菌的丰富度和多样性。所有土壤样品共获得922个OTU，物种注释结果表明，优势真菌类群为子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢霉门、壶菌门和球囊菌门，这些门占总序列的85.70%-92.45%。添加生物炭后，子囊菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度降低，而被孢霉门和球囊菌门的丰度增加。在属水平上，生物炭的施用增加了 和 的相对丰度，但降低了 的丰度。Mantel检验表明，土壤有效钾、有效氮、有机质和pH值是导致土壤真菌群落组成发生变化的主要环境因子。FUNGuild功能预测表明，不同处理中的许多营养类型为腐生型、致病型和共生型。中高剂量生物炭处理下，致病型的相对丰度显著降低，但共生型的丰度显著增加。总之，生物炭的施用改变了土壤理化性质，促进了土壤真菌群落结构和功能类群向健康有益的方向发展，改善了连作西瓜土壤质量。
