State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral, Agriculture Science and Technology, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, USA.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Jun 19;24(1):582. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05209-y.
Crop-associated microorganisms play a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling, and crop growth, and health. Fine-scale patterns in soil microbial community diversity and composition are commonly regulated by plant species or genotype. Despite extensive reports in different crop or its cultivar effects on the microbial community, it is uncertain how rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth.), a perennial warm-season legume forage that is well-adapted in the southern USA, affects soil microbial community across different cultivars.
This study explored the influence of seven different RP cultivars on the taxonomic composition, diversity, and functional groups of soil fungal communities through a field trial in Marianna, Florida, Southern USA, using next-generation sequencing technique. Our results showed that the taxonomic diversity and composition of the fungal community differed significantly across RP cultivars. Alpha diversity (Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou's evenness) was significantly higher in Ecoturf but lower in UF_Peace and Florigraze compared to other cultivars (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic diversity (Faith's PD) was lowest in Latitude compared to other cultivars (p < 0.0001). The dominant phyla were Ascomycota (13.34%), Mortierellomycota (3.82%), and Basidiomycota (2.99%), which were significantly greater in Florigraze, UF_Peace, and Ecoturf, respectively. The relative abundance of Neocosmospora was markedly high (21.45%) in UF_Tito and showed large variations across cultivars. The relative abundance of the dominant genera was significantly greater in Arbrook than in other cultivars. There were also significant differences in the co-occurrence network, showing different keystone taxa and more positive correlations than the negative correlations across cultivars. FUNGuild analysis showed that the relative abundance of functional guilds including pathogenic, saprotrophic, endophytic, mycorrhizal and parasitic fungi significantly differed among cultivars. Ecoturf had the greatest relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungal group (5.10 ± 0.44), whereas UF_Peace had the greatest relative abundance of endophytic (4.52 ± 0.56) and parasitic fungi (1.67 ± 0.30) compared to other cultivars.
Our findings provide evidence of crop cultivar's effect in shaping fine-scale fungal community patterns in legume-based forage systems.
作物相关微生物在土壤养分循环和作物生长与健康中发挥着关键作用。土壤微生物群落多样性和组成的精细格局通常受到植物物种或基因型的调节。尽管在不同作物或其品种对微生物群落的影响方面有广泛的报道，但不确定美国南部适应性很强的多年生暖季豆科牧草花生根（RP，Arachis glabrata Benth.）如何影响不同品种的土壤微生物群落。
本研究通过在美国佛罗里达州马里安娜的田间试验，使用下一代测序技术，探讨了七个不同 RP 品种对土壤真菌群落分类组成、多样性和功能群的影响。研究结果表明，真菌群落的分类多样性和组成在 RP 品种之间存在显著差异。与其他品种相比，Ecoturf 的 alpha 多样性（Shannon、Simpson 和 Pielou 的均匀度）显著更高，而 UF_Peace 和 Florigraze 的 alpha 多样性显著更低（p<0.001）。与其他品种相比，Latitude 的系统发育多样性（Faith 的 PD）最低（p<0.0001）。优势菌门为子囊菌门（13.34%）、Mortierellomycota（3.82%）和担子菌门（2.99%），分别在 Florigraze、UF_Peace 和 Ecoturf 中显著更高。Neocosmospora 的相对丰度在 UF_Tito 中明显较高（21.45%），且在品种间差异较大。优势属的相对丰度在 Arbrook 中显著高于其他品种。种间共生网络也存在显著差异，显示不同的关键类群和更多的正相关，而不是负相关。FUNGuild 分析表明，功能类群包括病原真菌、腐生真菌、内生真菌、菌根真菌和寄生真菌的相对丰度在品种间存在显著差异。Ecoturf 的菌根真菌群相对丰度最高（5.10±0.44），而 UF_Peace 的内生真菌（4.52±0.56）和寄生真菌（1.67±0.30）相对丰度最高。
本研究结果为作物品种在豆科牧草系统中塑造精细尺度真菌群落模式提供了证据。
