Daam Koeloengan Clement, Samuel Dahal Abednego, Nwokoro Ugochukwu, Waziri Hyelshilni, Onyedibe Kenneth, Okolo Mark, Edmund Banwat, Olayinka Adebola, Zanyu Egah D
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 801, Ebitu Ukiwe Street, Jabi-Abuja, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2023 May 11;64(2):196-204. eCollection 2023 Mar-Apr.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging threat to global health security. Globally, an estimated 700,000 deaths are attributed to AMR annually. Annual deaths due to AMR are projected to reach 10 million by 2050 if current trends persist. Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) have the ability to hydrolyse penicillins, cephalosporins up to the third generation, and monobactams, but not β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. ESBLs undergo continuous mutation, leading to the development of new enzymes with over 400 different ESBL variants described. This study aimed to detect selected CTX-M genes, SHV,and TEM genes in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing and in Jos, Nigeria.
A total of 110, non-replicated isolates of and 125 isolates of were identified phenotypically from clinical specimens of patients at a tertiary hospital in Jos, North-central Nigeria. The isolates were screened for ESBL production using the disk diffusion method of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production was done using the double-disc synergy test. Multiplex PCR was used to detect ESBL genes.
Fifty (45.5%) of the 110 isolates of and 9(7.2%) of the 125 isolates of were ESBL-positive. Typing of 20 representative ESBL isolates (17 and 3 showed the presence ofblaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M9, and blaSHV genes in these isolates. All 20 (100%) isolates had the blaCTX-M1 gene. The blaSHV gene was detected in 16(80%) while CTX-M9 was detected in 6(30%) of the isolates studied.
The study showed that there is a high prevalence of ESBL genes among isolates of and aeruginosa in North-central Nigeria. This emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance and coordinated infection prevention and control to curtail its spread.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是对全球卫生安全的一种新出现的威胁。在全球范围内，估计每年有70万人死于AMR。如果当前趋势持续下去，预计到2050年，每年因AMR导致的死亡人数将达到1000万。超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）能够水解青霉素、第三代及以下头孢菌素和单环β-内酰胺类药物，但不能水解克拉维酸等β-内酰胺酶抑制剂。ESBLs不断发生突变，导致出现了400多种不同的ESBL变体的新酶。本研究旨在检测尼日利亚乔斯地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌中选定的CTX-M基因、SHV基因和TEM基因。
从尼日利亚中北部乔斯一家三级医院患者的临床标本中，通过表型鉴定出110株非重复的大肠埃希菌分离株和125株铜绿假单胞菌分离株。使用临床实验室标准协会（CLSI）断点的纸片扩散法筛选分离株是否产ESBL。采用双纸片协同试验对产ESBL进行表型确认。使用多重PCR检测ESBL基因。
110株大肠埃希菌分离株中有50株（45.5%）和125株铜绿假单胞菌分离株中有9株（7.2%）为ESBL阳性。对20株代表性ESBL分离株（17株大肠埃希菌和3株铜绿假单胞菌）进行分型，结果显示这些分离株中存在blaCTX-M1、blaCTX-M9和blaSHV基因。所有20株（100%）分离株都有blaCTX-M1基因。在所研究的分离株中，16株（80%）检测到blaSHV基因，6株（30%）检测到CTX-M9基因。
该研究表明，在尼日利亚中北部的大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌分离株中，ESBL基因的流行率很高。这强调了持续监测以及协调感染预防和控制以遏制其传播的必要性。
