Ugbo Emmanuel N, Kotey Fleischer C N, Donkor Eric S
Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, P. O. Box KB 4236, Accra, Ghana.
BMC Med Genomics. 2025 Jul 6;18(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s12920-025-02163-y.
The misuse of antibiotics in developing countries has created serious threats to public healthcare systems and reduced treatment options. Multidrug-resistant bacteria harbour antibiotic resistance genes that help them subdue the effectiveness of several available antibiotics. This review aimed to assess antimicrobial resistance genes circulating in Nigeria via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
A comprehensive literature search was performed using five electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Search, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Articles related to antibiotic resistance genes in Nigeria, published between January 1, 2015 and October 31, 2024, were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analysis for random effects was performed to determine the proportions and pooled prevalence of the resistance genes from the various One Health domains, as well as heterogeneity in the data, using R software (Version 4.3.3) and the metaprop package.
Of the 762 articles retrieved, 56 (humans [33], animals [8], environment [12], human/animal [1], and human/animal/environment [2]) from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria met the inclusion criteria. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene with the highest pooled prevalence was SHV (24.0% [95% CI: 12.0–44.0]), followed by CTX-M (23.0% [95% CI: 14.0–37.0]), and the least was TEM (18.0% [95% CI: 8.0–37.0]). Among the carbapenemase genes, KPC (33.0% [95% CI: 7.0–76.0]) was the most prevalent, followed by NDM (21.0% [95% CI: 9.0–41.0]), OXA (11.0% [95% CI: 2.0–46.0]) and the least was VIM (9.0% [95% CI: 3.0–26.0]). The A gene also had a high pooled prevalence (51.0% [95% CI: 14.0–86.0]). The pooled prevalence of the , , , and genes ranged from 19.0% (95% CI: 8.0–38.0) to 27.0% (95% CI: 13.0–47.0). Some antibiotic resistance genes were shared among the three domains.
This systematic review and meta-analysis has demonstrated the co-existence of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria causing infection in Nigeria, via the One Health approach. There is a need for future research on the circulation of antibiotic resistance genes in developing countries using internationally approved approaches to track down this menace.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-025-02163-y.
发展中国家抗生素的滥用对公共卫生保健系统构成了严重威胁，并减少了治疗选择。多重耐药菌携带抗生素耐药基因，这些基因有助于它们降低多种现有抗生素的有效性。本综述旨在通过系统评价和荟萃分析评估尼日利亚境内传播的抗菌药物耐药基因。
使用五个电子数据库进行全面的文献检索：PubMed、科学网、Scopus、谷歌学术搜索和非洲期刊在线（AJOL）。纳入2015年1月1日至2024年10月31日期间发表的与尼日利亚抗生素耐药基因相关的文章。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）评估偏倚风险。使用R软件（版本4.3.3）和metaprop软件包进行随机效应荟萃分析，以确定来自不同“同一健康”领域的耐药基因的比例和合并患病率，以及数据中的异质性。
在检索到的762篇文章中，来自尼日利亚六个地缘政治区的56篇（人类[33]、动物[8]、环境[12]、人类/动物[1]和人类/动物/环境[2]）符合纳入标准。合并患病率最高的超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因是SHV（24.0%[95%置信区间：12.0–44.0]），其次是CTX-M（23.0%[95%置信区间：14.0–37.0]），最低的是TEM（18.0%[95%置信区间：8.0–37.0]）。在碳青霉烯酶基因中，KPC（33.0%[95%置信区间：7.0–76.0]）最为常见，其次是NDM（21.0%[95%置信区间：9.0–41.0]）、OXA（11.0%[95%置信区间：2.0–46.0]），最低的是VIM（9.0%[95%置信区间：3.0–26.0]）。A基因的合并患病率也很高（51.0%[95%置信区间：14.0–86.0]）。 、 、 和 基因的合并患病率在19.0%（95%置信区间：8.0–38.0）至27.0%（95%置信区间：13.0–47.0）之间。一些抗生素耐药基因在三个领域中都有出现。
本系统评价和荟萃分析通过“同一健康”方法证明了尼日利亚引起感染的细菌中抗生素耐药基因的共存。未来需要采用国际认可的方法对发展中国家抗生素耐药基因的传播进行研究，以追踪这一威胁。
在线版本包含可在10.（此处原文可能有误，推测应为10.1186/s12920-025-02163-y）获取的补充材料。
