Soltani Sepideh, Sangsefidi Zohreh Sadat, Asoudeh Farzaneh, Torabynasab Kimia, Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida, Hejazi Mahdi, Khalighi Sikaroudi Masoumeh, Meshkini Fatemeh, Razmpoosh Elham, Abdollahi Shima
Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Mar 1;83(3):e741-e750. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae069.
Current evidence on the effect of a low-fat (LF) diet on depression scores has been inconsistent.
To explore the effect of an LF diet on depression scores of adults by systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
The PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to June 7, 2023, to identify trials investigating the effect of an LF diet (fat intake ≤30% of energy intake) on the depression score.
Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled summary effects of an LF diet on the depression score (as Hedges g).
Finding from 10 trials with 50 846 participants indicated no significant change in depression score following LF diets in comparison with usual diet (Hedges g = -0.11; 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.03; P = 0.12; I2 = 70.7% [for I2, 95% CI, 44%, 85%]). However, a significant improvement was observed in both usual diet and LF diets when the content of protein was 15-20% of calorie intake (LF, normal protein diet: n = 5, Hedges g = -0.21, 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.01, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%; usual, normal protein diet: n = 3, Hedges g = -0.28, 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.05, P = 0.01, I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis also found the depression score improved following LF diet intervention in participants without baseline depression.
This study revealed that LF diet may have small beneficial effect on depression score in the studies enrolled mentally healthy participants. Moreover, achieving to adequate dietary protein is likely to be a better intervention than manipulating dietary fat to improve depression scores. However, it is not clear whether this effect will last in the long term. Conducting more studies may change the results due to the low-certainty of evidence.
CRD42023420978 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).
目前关于低脂（LF）饮食对抑郁评分影响的证据并不一致。
通过对随机对照试验（RCT）进行系统评价和荟萃分析，探讨LF饮食对成年人抑郁评分的影响。
检索了PubMed、ISI科学网、Scopus和CENTRAL数据库，检索时间从建库至2023年6月7日，以确定研究LF饮食（脂肪摄入量≤能量摄入量的30%）对抑郁评分影响的试验。
采用随机效应荟萃分析来估计LF饮食对抑郁评分的合并汇总效应（以Hedges g表示）。
来自10项试验、共50846名参与者的研究结果表明，与常规饮食相比，LF饮食后抑郁评分无显著变化（Hedges g = -0.11；95%CI，-0.25至0.03；P = 0.12；I² = 70.7%[对于I²，95%CI，44%，85%]）。然而，当蛋白质含量为卡路里摄入量的15 - 20%时，常规饮食和LF饮食均观察到显著改善（LF，正常蛋白质饮食：n = 5，Hedges g = -0.21，95%CI，-0.24至-0.01，P = 0.04，I² = 0%；常规，正常蛋白质饮食：n = 3, Hedges g = -0.28，95%CI，-0.51至-0.05，P = 0.01，I² = 0%）。敏感性分析还发现，在没有基线抑郁的参与者中，LF饮食干预后抑郁评分有所改善。
本研究表明，在纳入心理健康参与者的研究中，LF饮食可能对抑郁评分有微小的有益影响。此外，摄入足够的膳食蛋白质可能比控制膳食脂肪对改善抑郁评分是更好的干预措施。然而，尚不清楚这种效果是否会长期持续。由于证据的确定性较低，开展更多研究可能会改变结果。
CRD42023420978（https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO）
