Shin Dongyoon, Kim Yeongshin, Park Junho, Kim Youngsoo
Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.
Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
Biomed J. 2025 Feb;48(1):100752. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100752. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
Liver cancer stands as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises approximately 85%-90% of all primary liver malignancies. However, only 20-30% of HCC patients qualify for curative therapy, primarily due to the absence of reliable tools for early detection and prognosis of HCC. This underscores the critical need for molecular biomarkers for HCC management. Since proteins reflect disease status directly, proteomics has been utilized in biomarker developments for HCC. In particular, proteomics coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) methods facilitate the process of discovering biomarker candidates for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. In this work, we investigated LC-MS-based proteomics methods through recent reference reviews, with a particular focus on sample preparation and LC-MS methods appropriate for the discovery of HCC biomarkers and their clinical applications. We classified proteomics studies of HCC according to sample types, and we examined the coverage of protein biomarker candidates based on LC-MS methods in relation to study scales and goals. Comprehensively, we proposed protein biomarker candidates categorized by sample types and biomarker types for appropriate clinical use. In this review, we summarized recent LC-MS-based proteomics studies on HCC and proposed potential protein biomarkers. Our findings are expected to expand the understanding of HCC pathogenesis and enhance the efficiency of HCC diagnosis and prognosis, thereby contributing to improved patient outcomes.
肝癌是全球癌症相关死亡的第五大主要原因。肝细胞癌（HCC）约占所有原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤的85%-90%。然而，只有20%-30%的HCC患者符合根治性治疗条件，主要原因是缺乏用于HCC早期检测和预后评估的可靠工具。这凸显了用于HCC管理的分子生物标志物的迫切需求。由于蛋白质直接反映疾病状态，蛋白质组学已被用于HCC生物标志物的开发。特别是，蛋白质组学与液相色谱-质谱仪（LC-MS）方法相结合，有助于发现用于诊断、预后和治疗策略的生物标志物候选物。在这项工作中，我们通过近期的参考文献综述研究了基于LC-MS的蛋白质组学方法，特别关注适合发现HCC生物标志物及其临床应用的样品制备和LC-MS方法。我们根据样品类型对HCC的蛋白质组学研究进行了分类，并根据LC-MS方法，结合研究规模和目标，研究了蛋白质生物标志物候选物的覆盖范围。综合来看，我们提出了按样品类型和生物标志物类型分类的蛋白质生物标志物候选物，以适用于临床。在本综述中，我们总结了近期基于LC-MS的HCC蛋白质组学研究，并提出了潜在的蛋白质生物标志物。我们的研究结果有望扩展对HCC发病机制的理解，提高HCC诊断和预后评估的效率，从而改善患者预后。
