School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
Psychol Res. 2024 Oct;88(7):1952-1968. doi: 10.1007/s00426-024-01994-1. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
Information referenced to the self is retrieved more accurately than information referenced to others, known as the memory self-reference effect. It is unclear, however, whether social context (identity of the other) or task factors alter decision-making processes. In a virtual object allocation task, female participants sorted objects into their own or another's (stranger or mother) basket based on a colour cue. Subsequently, they performed a recognition memory task in which they first indicated whether each object was old or new, and then whether it had been allocated to themselves or to the other. We obtained owner-specific hit rates and false-alarm rates and applied signal detection theory to derive separate recognition sensitivity (d') and recognition criterion parameters (c) for self- and other-owned objects. While there was no clear evidence of a recognition self-reference effect, or a change in sensitivity, participants adopted a more conservative recognition criterion for self- compared with other-owned objects, and particularly when the other-referent was the participant's mother compared with the stranger. Moreover, when discriminating whether the originally presented objects were self- or other-owned, participants were biased toward ascribing ownership to the 'other'. We speculate that these findings reflect ownership-based changes in decisional processing during the recognition memory self-reference paradigm.
与参照他人的信息相比，参照自身的信息被更准确地提取，这被称为记忆自我参照效应。然而，尚不清楚社会背景（他人的身份）或任务因素是否会改变决策过程。在一项虚拟物体分配任务中，女性参与者根据颜色提示将物体分到自己或他人（陌生人或母亲）的篮子中。随后，她们执行了一项识别记忆任务，首先判断每个物体是旧的还是新的，然后判断它是被分配给自己还是给他人。我们获得了特定于所有者的击中率和虚报率，并应用信号检测理论为自我和他人拥有的物体分别推导出识别敏感性（d'）和识别标准参数（c）。虽然没有明显的证据表明存在识别自我参照效应或敏感性的变化，但与其他拥有的物体相比，参与者对自我拥有的物体采用了更保守的识别标准，尤其是当其他参考是参与者的母亲而不是陌生人时。此外，当判断最初呈现的物体是自我拥有还是他人拥有时，参与者倾向于将所有权归因于“他人”。我们推测这些发现反映了在识别记忆自我参照范式中决策过程的基于所有权的变化。
