School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2020 Sep;73(9):1466-1480. doi: 10.1177/1747021820913016. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Although self-relevance is widely acknowledged to enhance stimulus processing, the exclusivity of this effect remains open to question. In particular, in commonly adopted experimental paradigms, the prioritisation of self-relevant (vs. other-relevant) material may reflect the operation of a task-specific strategy rather than an obligatory facet of social-cognitive functioning. By changing basic aspects of the decisional context, it may therefore be possible to generate stimulus-prioritisation effects for targets other than the self. Based on the demonstration that ownership facilitates object categorisation (i.e., self-ownership effect), here we showed that stimulus prioritisation is sensitive to prior expectations about the prevalence of forthcoming objects (owned-by-self vs. owned-by-friend) and whether these beliefs are supported during the task. Under conditions of stimulus uncertainty (i.e., no prior beliefs), replicating previous research, objects were classified more rapidly when owned-by-self compared with owned-by-friend (Experiment 1). When, however, the frequency of stimulus presentation either confirmed (Experiment 2) or disconfirmed (Experiment 3) prior expectations, stimulus prioritisation was observed for the most prevalent objects regardless of their owner. A hierarchical drift diffusion model (HDDM) analysis further revealed that decisional bias was underpinned by differences in the evidential requirements of response generation. These findings underscore the flexibility of ownership effects (i.e., stimulus prioritisation) during object processing.
虽然自我相关性被广泛认为可以增强刺激处理，但这种效应的独特性仍存在争议。特别是在通常采用的实验范式中，自我相关（与他人相关）材料的优先级可能反映了特定任务的策略的运作，而不是社会认知功能的强制性方面。通过改变决策背景的基本方面，因此可能会为自我以外的目标产生刺激优先化效应。基于所有权促进物体分类的证明（即自我所有权效应），我们在这里表明，刺激优先化对即将到来的物体（自我拥有与朋友拥有）的出现的预期以及这些信念在任务期间是否得到支持敏感。在刺激不确定的情况下（即没有先验信念），复制了先前的研究，与朋友拥有相比，自我拥有的物体的分类速度更快（实验 1）。然而，当刺激呈现的频率要么确认（实验 2）要么否定（实验 3）了先验的期望时，无论其所有者如何，最常见的物体都会受到刺激优先化的影响。分层漂移扩散模型（HDDM）分析进一步表明，决策偏差是由响应生成的证据要求的差异所支撑的。这些发现强调了物体处理过程中所有权效应（即刺激优先化）的灵活性。
