Zoccali Carmine, Tripepi Giovanni, Stel Vianda, Fu Eduard L, Mallamaci Francesca, Dekker Friedo, Jager Kitty J
Renal Research Institute, New York, USA.
Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biogem), Ariano Irpino, Italy.
Clin Kidney J. 2024 Apr 25;17(6):sfae130. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae130. eCollection 2024 Jun.
This paper discusses the use of biomarkers in clinical practice and biomedical research. Biomarkers are measurable characteristics that can be used to indicate the presence or absence of a disease or to track the progression of a disease. They can also be used to predict how a patient will respond to a particular treatment. Biomarkers have enriched clinical practice and disease prognosis by providing measurable characteristics that indicate biological processes. They offer valuable insights into disease susceptibility, progression, and treatment response, aiding drug development and personalized medicine. However, developing and implementing biomarkers come with challenges that must be addressed. Rigorous testing, standardization of assays, and consideration of ethical factors are crucial in ensuring the reliability and validity of biomarkers. Reliability is vital in biomarker research. It ensures accurate measurements by preventing biases and facilitating robust correlations with outcomes. Conversely, validation examines which and how many biomarkers correspond to theoretical constructs and external criteria, establishing their predictive value. Multiple biomarkers are sometimes necessary to represent the complex relationship between exposure and disease outcomes accurately. Susceptibility factors are pivotal in disease states' complex interaction among genetic and environmental factors. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these factors is essential for effectively interpreting biomarker data and maximizing their clinical usefulness. Using well-validated biomarkers can improve diagnoses, more effective treatment evaluations, and enhanced disease prediction. This, in turn, will contribute to better patient outcomes and drive progress in medicine.
本文讨论了生物标志物在临床实践和生物医学研究中的应用。生物标志物是可测量的特征，可用于指示疾病的存在或不存在，或追踪疾病的进展。它们还可用于预测患者对特定治疗的反应。生物标志物通过提供指示生物过程的可测量特征，丰富了临床实践和疾病预后。它们为疾病易感性、进展和治疗反应提供了有价值的见解，有助于药物开发和个性化医疗。然而，开发和应用生物标志物面临着必须解决的挑战。严格的测试、检测方法的标准化以及伦理因素的考量对于确保生物标志物的可靠性和有效性至关重要。可靠性在生物标志物研究中至关重要。它通过防止偏差并促进与结果的稳健相关性来确保准确测量。相反，验证则检查哪些生物标志物以及有多少生物标志物与理论构建和外部标准相对应，确定它们的预测价值。有时需要多个生物标志物才能准确代表暴露与疾病结果之间的复杂关系。易感性因素在疾病状态中基因和环境因素的复杂相互作用中起着关键作用。全面了解这些因素对于有效解释生物标志物数据并最大限度地发挥其临床效用至关重要。使用经过充分验证的生物标志物可以改善诊断、进行更有效的治疗评估并增强疾病预测。这反过来将有助于改善患者预后并推动医学进步。
