Ballesteros-Monrreal Manuel G, Mendez-Pfeiffer Pablo, Ortíz Bryan, Bolado-Martínez Enrique, Álvarez-Ainza Maritza Lizeth, Enciso-Martínez Yessica, Arenas-Hernández Margarita M P, Diaz-Murrieta Betsaida, Barrios-Villa Edwin, Valencia Dora
Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca CP 83621, Sonora, Mexico.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Jun 13;46(6):5909-5928. doi: 10.3390/cimb46060353.
Uropathogenic (UPEC) is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and carries virulence and resistance factors often found in mobilizable genetic elements, such as plasmids or pathogenicity islands (PAIs). UPEC is part of the extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC), but hybrid strains possessing both diarrheagenic (DEC) and ExPEC traits, termed "hypervirulent", present a significant health threat. This study assessed the prevalence of UPEC PAIs, ExPEC sequence types (ST), DEC genes, carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes, resistance genotypes, and plasmids in 40 clinical isolates of UPEC. Results showed that 72.5% of isolates had PAIs, mainly PAI IV (53%). ESBL phenotypes were found in 65% of β-lactam-resistant isolates, with 100% of carbapenem-resistant isolates producing carbapenemase. The predominant ESBL gene was (60%), and the most common resistance gene in fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside-resistant isolates was (93%). Plasmids were present in 57% of isolates, and 70% belonged to the ST131 clonal group. Molecular markers for DEC pathotypes were detected in 20 isolates, with 60% classified as hybrid pathotypes. These findings indicate significant pathogenic potential and the presence of hybrid pathotypes in UTI clinical isolates in the Mexican population.
尿路致病性大肠杆菌（UPEC）是尿路感染（UTIs）的主要病因，携带通常存在于可移动遗传元件（如质粒或致病岛[PAIs]）中的毒力和耐药因子。UPEC是肠道外致病性大肠杆菌（ExPEC）的一部分，但同时具有致泻性（DEC）和ExPEC特征的杂交菌株，即“高毒力”菌株，对健康构成重大威胁。本研究评估了40株UPEC临床分离株中UPEC致病岛、ExPEC序列类型（ST）、DEC基因、碳青霉烯酶和超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）表型、耐药基因型和质粒的流行情况。结果显示，72.5%的分离株有致病毒岛，主要是致病岛IV（53%）。65%的对β-内酰胺耐药的分离株有ESBL表型，100%对碳青霉烯耐药的分离株产生碳青霉烯酶。主要的ESBL基因是（60%），氟喹诺酮和氨基糖苷耐药分离株中最常见的耐药基因是（93%）。57%的分离株有质粒，70%属于ST131克隆群。在20株分离株中检测到DEC致病型的分子标记，60%被归类为杂交致病型。这些发现表明墨西哥人群的UTI临床分离株具有显著的致病潜力和杂交致病型的存在。
