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主动脉瓣狭窄的诊断挑战

Diagnostic Challenges in Aortic Stenosis.

作者信息

González-García André, Pazos-López Pablo, Calvo-Iglesias Francisco Eugenio, Matajira-Chía Tatiana Mallely, Bilbao-Quesada Raquel, Blanco-González Elisa, González-Ríos Carina, Castiñeira-Busto María, Barreiro-Pérez Manuel, Íñiguez-Romo Andrés

机构信息

Department of Cardiology, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36312 Vigo, Spain.

出版信息

J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2024 May 23;11(6):162. doi: 10.3390/jcdd11060162.

Abstract

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent degenerative valvular disease in western countries. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is considered, nowadays, to be the main imaging technique for the work-up of AS due to high availability, safety, low cost, and excellent capacity to evaluate aortic valve (AV) morphology and function. Despite the diagnosis of AS being considered straightforward for a very long time, based on high gradients and reduced aortic valve area (AVA), many patients with AS represent a real dilemma for cardiologist. On the one hand, the acoustic window may be inadequate and the TTE limited in some cases. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence shows that patients with low gradients (due to systolic dysfunction, concentric hypertrophy or coexistence of another valve disease such as mitral stenosis or regurgitation) may develop severe AS (low-flow low-gradient severe AS) with a similar or even worse prognosis. The use of complementary imaging techniques such as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), multidetector computed tomography (MDTC), or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) plays a key role in such scenarios. The aim of this review is to summarize the diagnostic challenges associated with patients with AS and the advantages of a comprehensive multimodality cardiac imaging (MCI) approach to reach a precise grading of the disease, a crucial factor to warrant an adequate management of patients.

摘要

主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)是西方国家最常见的退行性瓣膜疾病。如今,经胸超声心动图(TTE)因其高可用性、安全性、低成本以及评估主动脉瓣(AV)形态和功能的出色能力,被认为是AS检查的主要成像技术。尽管长期以来AS的诊断一直被认为很简单,基于高压力阶差和减小的主动脉瓣面积(AVA),但许多AS患者对心脏病专家来说却是一个真正的难题。一方面,声学窗口可能不足,在某些情况下TTE会受到限制。另一方面,越来越多的证据表明,低压力阶差的患者(由于收缩功能障碍、向心性肥厚或存在另一种瓣膜疾病如二尖瓣狭窄或反流)可能会发展为严重AS(低流量低压力阶差严重AS),且预后相似甚至更差。在这种情况下,使用经食管超声心动图(TEE)、多排螺旋计算机断层扫描(MDTC)或心脏磁共振(CMR)等补充成像技术起着关键作用。本综述的目的是总结与AS患者相关的诊断挑战以及综合多模态心脏成像(MCI)方法对于准确分级该疾病的优势,这是确保对患者进行适当管理的关键因素。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/06c6/11203729/f394d7a9c838/jcdd-11-00162-g004.jpg

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