Groppetti Debora, Pecile Alessandro, Filipe Joel, Riva Federica, Inglesi Alessia, Kuhn Pietro Andrea, Giussani Elisa, Dall'Ara Paola
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2024 May 23;11(6):234. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11060234.
There is a growing interest in the composition of amniotic fluid (AF) in both humans and animals. In addition to its nutritional and protective functions for the foetus, current knowledge demonstrates that AF also serves advanced diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles. Newborn dogs have an underdeveloped immune system, making them highly susceptible to dangerous pathogens such as canine parvovirus (CPV-2), canine infectious hepatitis virus (CAdV-1), and canine distemper virus (CDV), thus exposing them to a high risk of mortality in the first weeks of life. Immunoglobulins G (IgGs) represent the only antibody isotype capable of crossing the placenta in a small amount and have been detected also in canine AF. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of AF collected at birth as a marker of passive immunity in canine species. For this purpose, total and specific IgGs against CPV-2, CAdV-1, and CDV were investigated and quantified in both maternal plasma and AF collected at the time of caesarean section. The vaccination status of the bitches was also taken into consideration. Since the immune system can be influenced by gestational age, with preterm infants having immature innate and adaptive immunity, IgG concentrations were correlated with amniotic lecithin, sphingomyelin, cortisol, surfactant protein A, and pentraxin 3 levels. In a previous study from our group on foetal maturity these molecules were measured in the same samples. Finally, correlations between their amniotic content and neonatal outcomes were investigated. This study demonstrates that AF analysis at birth can provide valuable insights into neonatal immunity in puppies, offering a non-invasive method to detect potential early health risks, for improved puppy care and management.
人类和动物对羊水（AF）成分的兴趣都在日益增加。除了对胎儿具有营养和保护功能外，目前的知识表明羊水还具有先进的诊断、预后和治疗作用。新生犬的免疫系统发育不全，这使得它们极易感染危险病原体，如犬细小病毒（CPV - 2）、犬传染性肝炎病毒（CAdV - 1）和犬瘟热病毒（CDV），从而使它们在出生后的头几周面临很高的死亡风险。免疫球蛋白G（IgG）是唯一能够少量穿过胎盘的抗体同种型，并且在犬羊水中也已被检测到。本研究的主要目的是调查出生时采集的羊水作为犬类被动免疫标志物的可靠性。为此，在剖腹产时采集的母犬血浆和羊水中，对针对CPV - 2、CAdV - 1和CDV的总IgG和特异性IgG进行了研究和定量。母犬的疫苗接种状况也被考虑在内。由于免疫系统会受到胎龄的影响，早产儿的先天和适应性免疫不成熟，因此IgG浓度与羊水中卵磷脂、鞘磷脂、皮质醇、表面活性蛋白A和五聚素3水平相关。在我们小组之前一项关于胎儿成熟度的研究中，这些分子是在相同样本中测量的。最后，研究了它们的羊水含量与新生儿结局之间的相关性。这项研究表明，出生时的羊水分析可以为幼犬的新生儿免疫提供有价值的见解，提供一种非侵入性方法来检测潜在的早期健康风险，以改善幼犬的护理和管理。
