Dall'Ara Paola, Lauzi Stefania, Turin Lauretta, Castaldelli Giulia, Servida Francesco, Filipe Joel
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Clinica Veterinaria Pegaso, Via Dante Alighieri 169, 22070 Rovello Porro, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 23;10(7):412. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10070412.
Elderly dogs are steadily increasing worldwide as well as veterinarians' and owners' interest in their health and wellness. Aging is not a disease, but a combination of changes negatively affecting the organism in general and the immune system in particular, resulting in a decline in protection over time. The aim of this study was to measure the specific serum antibody titers against the main dangerous and widespread viral diseases preventable by core vaccinations in senior and geriatric dogs using the in-practice test VacciCheck. A cohort of three hundred fifty elderly dogs was analyzed for Protective Antibody Titers (PATs) against CPV-2, CDV and CAdV-1. The age ranged from 5 to 19 years, with two hundred fifty-eight seniors (73.7%) and ninety-two geriatrics (26.3%), and 97.4% of them were vaccinated at least once in their lives. More than half of the entire study population (52.9%) had PATs simultaneously for all three diseases, with 80.5% seniors and 19.5% geriatrics. Specific PATs were found in 88.6% of aging dogs for CPV-2, 82.3% for CadV-1 and 66.0% for CDV, demonstrating that unprotected aging dogs represent a minority. Unexpectedly, the larger elderly dogs resulted as more protected than smaller ones for CPV-2. Protection then decreases over time, with geriatric dogs less protected than senior ones. Veterinary practitioners should therefore always consider whether to maintain core vaccinations in aging dogs as in adults on a three-year basis or opt instead for closer boosters (every 1 or 2 years). PATs for core vaccines could then represent a good biomarker of protection and their titration could become a standard of care, especially in such a sensitive period of the dogs' life.
在全球范围内，老龄犬的数量在稳步增加，兽医和犬主对它们健康状况的关注度也在不断提高。衰老并非一种疾病，而是一系列变化的综合体现，这些变化总体上对生物体产生负面影响，尤其会影响免疫系统，导致机体随着时间推移保护能力下降。本研究的目的是使用实际操作检测工具VacciCheck，测定老年和高龄犬针对通过核心疫苗接种可预防的主要危险且广泛传播的病毒性疾病的特异性血清抗体滴度。对一组350只老龄犬进行了分析，检测它们针对犬细小病毒2型（CPV - 2）、犬瘟热病毒（CDV）和犬腺病毒1型（CAdV - 1）的保护性抗体滴度（PATs）。犬只年龄范围为5至19岁，其中258只为老年犬（73.7%），92只为高龄犬（26.3%），并且97.4%的犬只一生中至少接种过一次疫苗。在整个研究群体中，超过一半（52.9%）的犬只对这三种疾病同时具有PATs，其中老年犬占80.5%，高龄犬占19.5%。在88.6%的老龄犬中检测到针对CPV - 2的特异性PATs，针对CAdV - 1的为82.3%，针对CDV的为66.0%，这表明未得到保护的老龄犬只占少数。出乎意料的是，就CPV - 2而言，体型较大的老龄犬比体型较小的受到的保护更多。随着时间推移，保护作用会减弱，高龄犬受到的保护比老年犬更少。因此，兽医从业者应始终考虑是否像对成年犬一样，每三年为老龄犬维持核心疫苗接种，或者选择更频繁的加强免疫（每1年或2年一次）。核心疫苗的PATs可能成为一种良好的保护生物标志物，对其进行滴度测定可能会成为一种护理标准，特别是在犬只生命中的这一敏感时期。
