Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research Division, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 12;25(12):6486. doi: 10.3390/ijms25126486.
bacteremia continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, despite improvements in diagnostics and management. Persistent infections pose a major challenge to clinicians and have been consistently shown to increase the risk of mortality and other infectious complications. , while typically not considered an intracellular pathogen, has been proven to utilize an intracellular niche, through several phenotypes including small colony variants, as a means for survival that has been linked to chronic, persistent, and recurrent infections. This intracellular persistence allows for protection from the host immune system and leads to reduced antibiotic efficacy through a variety of mechanisms. These include antimicrobial resistance, tolerance, and/or persistence in that contribute to persistent bacteremia. This review will discuss the challenges associated with treating these complicated infections and the various methods that uses to persist within the intracellular space.
尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但菌血症仍然与严重的发病率和死亡率相关。持续性感染对临床医生构成了重大挑战，并且一直被证明会增加死亡率和其他感染性并发症的风险。虽然通常不被认为是细胞内病原体，但已证明它可以利用细胞内小生境，通过几种表型包括小菌落变体，作为一种生存手段，与慢性、持续性和复发性感染有关。这种细胞内持续存在使它能够免受宿主免疫系统的攻击，并通过多种机制导致抗生素疗效降低。这些机制包括导致持续性菌血症的抗生素耐药性、耐受性和/或持久性。本文将讨论治疗这些复杂感染相关的挑战，以及细菌在细胞内空间中持续存在的各种方法。
