Berce Vojko, Cugmas Maša, Čopi Staša, Koren Brigita, Tomazin Maja, Hojnik Tina
Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Pediatrija Šentilj Outpatient Clinic, Pod Hribom 14, 2212 Municipality of Sentilj, Slovenia.
Children (Basel). 2024 Jun 5;11(6):692. doi: 10.3390/children11060692.
Specific immunotherapy represents the only potentially curative treatment for allergic asthma. Allergens can be administered subcutaneously (SCIT) or sublingually (SLIT). The aim of the current study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of SCIT and SLIT for the treatment of allergic asthma in children. Our study included 69 children with allergic asthma who underwent immunotherapy for house dust mites or pollen for at least 3 consecutive years. After 3 years of SCIT and SLIT, the median number of asthma exacerbations in the last three months decreased from 2 to 0 ( < 0.01) and from 1 to 0 ( < 0.01), respectively. When comparing the efficacy of SCIT and SLIT, our study revealed a significantly better efficacy of SCIT only in terms of increasing lung function. The median increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after 3 years was 8% with SCIT and -1% with SLIT ( < 0.01). Daily controller therapy could be withdrawn or reduced in 9 out of 16 (56.3%) children who received it before SCIT ( < 0.01) and in 19 of 29 (65.6%) children who received it before SLIT ( < 0.01), but the difference in efficacy was not significant ( = 0.88). Both SCIT and SLIT are effective treatments for allergic asthma in children.
特异性免疫疗法是过敏性哮喘唯一可能的治愈性治疗方法。变应原可通过皮下注射（皮下免疫疗法）或舌下含服（舌下免疫疗法）给药。本研究的目的是评估和比较皮下免疫疗法和舌下免疫疗法治疗儿童过敏性哮喘的疗效。我们的研究纳入了69名患有过敏性哮喘的儿童，他们接受了针对屋尘螨或花粉的免疫疗法，且连续至少3年。经过3年的皮下免疫疗法和舌下免疫疗法后，过去三个月哮喘发作的中位数分别从2次降至0次（<0.01）和从1次降至0次（<0.01）。在比较皮下免疫疗法和舌下免疫疗法的疗效时，我们的研究发现仅在增加肺功能方面皮下免疫疗法的疗效明显更好。3年后，皮下免疫疗法组一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）的中位数增加了8%，舌下免疫疗法组增加了-1%（<0.01）。在接受皮下免疫疗法前接受每日控制治疗的16名儿童中有9名（56.3%）（<0.01）以及在接受舌下免疫疗法前接受每日控制治疗的29名儿童中有19名（65.6%）（<0.01）可以停用或减少每日控制治疗，但疗效差异不显著（=0.88）。皮下免疫疗法和舌下免疫疗法都是治疗儿童过敏性哮喘的有效方法。
