探索中年和老年黑人成年人的邻里特征、心理社会弹性资源和认知功能。
An exploration of neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience resources, and cognitive functioning among midlife and older black adults.
机构信息
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.
出版信息
Ethn Health. 2024 Aug;29(6):597-619. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2369871. Epub 2024 Jun 26.
OBJECTIVES
While existing research has shown that Black adults have worse cognitive functioning than their White counterparts, the psychosocial correlates of cognitive functioning for Black older adults are understudied. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience resources, and cognitive functioning among midlife and older Black adults.
METHODS
Data were from 3,191 Black adults ages 51+ in the 2008-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to examine associations among neighborhood characteristics, psychosocial resilience (sense of purpose, mastery, and social support), and cognitive functioning among Black adults. Multilevel linear regression models assessed direct effects of neighborhood characteristics and psychosocial resources on cognitive functioning. We then tested whether psychosocial resources moderated the association between neighborhood characteristics and cognitive functioning.
RESULTS
Mean levels of cognitive functioning, sense of purpose, social support, and mastery were significantly related to neighborhood disorder and discohesion. Regression results showed that levels of neighborhood disorder and high discohesion were significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Sense of purpose was positively associated with cognitive functioning, net of neighborhood characteristics. However, only social support moderated the association between neighborhood discohesion and cognition.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate the importance of examining psychosocial and contextual risk and resilience resources among midlife and older Black adults. This work may inform the development of cognitive behavioral interventions aimed at increasing sense of purpose to promote and enhance cognitive resiliency among Black adults. Altogether, this work may have implications for policy aimed at advancing cognitive health equity.
目的
虽然现有研究表明，黑人成年人的认知功能比白人成年人差，但针对老年黑人的认知功能的社会心理相关因素研究还很不足。本研究旨在探讨中年和老年黑人成年人的感知邻里特征、心理弹性资源与认知功能之间的关系。
方法
本研究的数据来自 2008-2016 年健康与退休研究中 3191 名年龄在 51 岁及以上的黑人成年人，以考察邻里特征、心理弹性资源（目标感、掌控感和社会支持）与黑人成年人认知功能之间的关联。多水平线性回归模型评估了邻里特征和心理弹性资源对认知功能的直接影响。然后，我们测试了心理弹性资源是否调节了邻里特征与认知功能之间的关系。
结果
认知功能、目标感、社会支持和掌控感的平均水平与邻里失序和不和谐显著相关。回归结果表明，邻里失序和高不和谐程度与认知功能显著相关。目标感与认知功能呈正相关，与邻里特征无关。然而，只有社会支持调节了邻里不和谐与认知之间的关系。
结论
这些发现表明，在中年和老年黑人成年人中，检查社会心理和环境风险与弹性资源非常重要。这项工作可能为旨在提高目标感以促进和增强黑人成年人认知弹性的认知行为干预措施的发展提供信息。总之，这项工作可能对旨在推进认知健康公平的政策有影响。
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