Luo Qiqi, Liu Wenbing, Liao Jiayuan, Gu Zhongli, Fan Xiaodan, Luo Zhiwen, Zhang Xuelin, Hang Jian, Ou Cuiyun
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China.
Fundam Res. 2023 Dec 9;4(3):417-429. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.013. eCollection 2024 May.
Land public transport is an important link within and between cities, and how to control the transmission of COVID-19 in land public transport is a critical issue in our daily lives. However, there are still many inconsistent opinions and views about the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in land public transport, which limits our ability to implement effective interventions. The purpose of this review is to overview the literature on transmission characteristics and routes of the epidemic in land public transport, as well as to investigate factors affecting its spread and provide feasible measures to mitigate the infection risk of passengers. We obtained 898 papers by searching the Web of Science, Pubmed, and WHO global COVID database by keywords, and finally selected 45 papers that can address the purpose of this review. Land public transport is a high outbreak area for COVID-19 due to characteristics like crowding, inadequate ventilation, long exposure time, and environmental closure. Different from surface touch transmission and drop spray transmission, aerosol inhalation transmission can occur not only in short distances but also in long distances. Insufficient ventilation is the most important factor influencing long-distance aerosol transmission. Other transmission factors (e.g., interpersonal distance, relative orientation, and ambient conditions) should be noticed as well, which have been summarized in this paper. To address various influencing factors, it is essential to suggest practical and efficient preventive measures. Among these, increased ventilation, particularly the fresh air (i.e., natural ventilation), has proven to effectively reduce indoor infection risk. Many preventive measures are also effective, such as enlarging social distance, avoiding face-to-face orientation, setting up physical partitions, disinfection, avoiding talking, and so on. As research on the epidemic has intensified, people have broken down many perceived barriers, but more comprehensive studies on monitoring systems and prevention measures in land public transport are still needed.
陆地公共交通是城市内部及城市之间的重要纽带，如何在陆地公共交通中控制新冠病毒的传播是我们日常生活中的关键问题。然而，对于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在陆地公共交通中的传播，仍存在许多不一致的观点和看法，这限制了我们实施有效干预措施的能力。本综述的目的是概述陆地公共交通中疫情传播特征和途径的文献，调查影响其传播的因素，并提供可行措施以降低乘客的感染风险。我们通过关键词在科学网、PubMed和世界卫生组织全球新冠数据库中检索，获得了898篇论文，最终筛选出45篇能够满足本综述目的的论文。由于拥挤、通风不足、暴露时间长和环境封闭等特点，陆地公共交通是新冠病毒的高暴发区域。与表面接触传播和飞沫传播不同，气溶胶吸入传播不仅可在短距离发生，也可在长距离发生。通风不足是影响长距离气溶胶传播的最重要因素。其他传播因素（如人际距离、相对方位和环境条件）也应予以关注，本文对此进行了总结。为应对各种影响因素，提出切实有效的预防措施至关重要。其中，增加通风，特别是引入新鲜空气（即自然通风），已被证明能有效降低室内感染风险。许多预防措施也很有效，如扩大社交距离、避免面对面、设置物理隔断、消毒、避免交谈等。随着对疫情研究的深入，人们打破了许多认知障碍，但仍需要对陆地公共交通中的监测系统和预防措施进行更全面的研究。
