College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
Poult Sci. 2024 Aug;103(8):103925. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103925. Epub 2024 May 31.
Dietary Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) can improve the meat quality of poultry. However, the specific mechanism by which MCE regulates the meat quality has not been clarified yet. Sanguinarine (SAN) is one of the important natural active components in MCE. Our study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of dietary SAN supplementation on meat quality through transcriptomic and gut microbiome analysis, thereby providing a basis for regularing meat quality with MCE. 240 1-day-old broilers were divided into 4 groups according to different doses of SAN (0, 0.225, 0.75, and 2.25 mg/kg). The results indicated that SAN significantly improve the physicochemical quality indicators of breast and thigh muscle in broilers, improved the serum biochemical indexes. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis of the liver and ileum tissues of broilers, we found that the differentially expressed genes induced by SAN were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, which were related to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. It reconfirmed that SAN can regulate lipid metabolism in the body by promoting the expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid transport and oxidation by RT-PCR, this ultimately affects the physicochemical quality of muscle. Additionally, through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, we found that dietary addition of SAN increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, while decreased the relative abundance of Alistipes in ceca. To further investigate the impact of gut microbiota on lipid metabolism, we conducted a correlation analysis of PPAR pathway factor expression in cecum tissue and microflora structure. The results showed that Bacteroides exhibited a positive correlation with the expression of most genes in the PPAR signaling pathway. Unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae is positively correlated with PPARγ, Cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) and Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5 (ACSL5). In conclusion, dietary addition of SAN can promote the genes expression of the PPAR pathway, target the regulation of intestinal microflora structure and abundance and regulate lipid metabolism, thereby improving meat quality of broilers.
饲料博落回提取物（MCE）可以改善家禽的肉质。然而，MCE 调节肉质的确切机制尚未阐明。血根碱（SAN）是 MCE 中重要的天然活性成分之一。本研究旨在通过转录组和肠道微生物组分析探索膳食 SAN 补充对肉质的调节机制，从而为 MCE 调节肉质提供依据。将 240 只 1 日龄肉鸡按 SAN 剂量（0、0.225、0.75 和 2.25mg/kg）分为 4 组。结果表明，SAN 显著改善了肉鸡胸肌和腿肌的理化指标，改善了血清生化指标。通过肉鸡肝脏和回肠组织的转录组测序分析，发现 SAN 诱导的差异表达基因主要富集在脂质代谢中，与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）途径相关。通过 RT-PCR 再次证实，SAN 通过促进胆固醇代谢、脂肪酸转运和氧化相关基因的表达来调节体内脂质代谢，从而影响肌肉的理化性质。此外，通过 16S rRNA 测序分析发现，日粮添加 SAN 增加了盲肠中拟杆菌属、乳杆菌属和未分类 f__Lachnospiraceae 的相对丰度，而降低了盲肠中 Alistipes 的相对丰度。为了进一步研究肠道微生物群对脂质代谢的影响，我们对盲肠组织中 PPAR 途径因子表达与微生物结构进行了相关性分析。结果表明，拟杆菌属与 PPAR 信号通路中大多数基因的表达呈正相关。未分类 f__Lachnospiraceae 与 PPARγ、细胞色素 P450 家族 7 亚家族 A 成员 1（CYP7A1）和酰基辅酶 A 合成酶长链家族成员 5（ACSL5）呈正相关。总之，日粮添加 SAN 可以促进 PPAR 途径基因的表达，靶向调节肠道微生物群结构和丰度，调节脂质代谢，从而改善肉鸡的肉质。
