Liu Lu, Miao Qi, Guo Yingxin, Wang Chen, Sun Junwei, Fan Zhiyong, Wang Dexun, Hu Yanxia, Li Junying, Cui Zhenling
State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Arable Land Conservation of An Hui Province, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jun 14;15:1418090. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1418090. eCollection 2024.
Tobacco continuous cropping is prevalent in intensive tobacco agriculture but often leads to microbial community imbalance, soil nutrient deficiency, and decreased crop productivity. While the tobacco-rape rotation has demonstrated significant benefits in increasing tobacco yield. Microorganisms play a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling and crop productivity. However, the internal mechanism of tobacco-rape rotation affecting tobacco yield through microbe-soil interaction is still unclear. In this study, two treatments, tobacco continuous cropping (TC) and tobacco-rape rotation (TR) were used to investigate how planting systems affect soil microbial diversity and community structure, and whether these changes subsequently affect crop yields. The results showed that compared with TC, TR significantly increased the Shannon index, Chao1 index, ACE index of bacteria and fungi, indicating increased microbial α-diversity. On the one hand, TR may directly affect the bacterial and fungal community structure due to the specificity of root morphology and root exudates in rape. Compared with TC, TR significantly increased the proportion of beneficial bacterial and fungal taxa while significantly reduced soil-borne pathogens. Additionally, TR enhanced the scale and complexity of microbial co-occurrence networks, promoting potential synergies between bacterial OTUs. On the other hand, TR indirectly changed microbial community composition by improving soil chemical properties and changing microbial life history strategies. Compared with TC, TR significantly increased the relative abundance of copiotrophs while reduced oligotrophs. Notably, TR significantly increased tobacco yield by 39.6% compared with TC. The relationships among yield, microbial community and soil chemical properties indicated that planting systems had the greatest total effect on tobacco yield, and the microbial community, particularly bacteria, had the greatest direct effect on tobacco yield. Our findings highlighted the potential of tobacco-rape rotation to increase yield by both directly and indirectly optimizing microbial community structure.
烟草连作在集约化烟草种植中很普遍，但往往会导致微生物群落失衡、土壤养分缺乏和作物产量下降。虽然烟-油轮作已证明在提高烟草产量方面有显著益处。微生物在土壤养分循环和作物生产力中起着至关重要的作用。然而，烟-油轮作通过微生物-土壤相互作用影响烟草产量的内在机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，采用烟草连作（TC）和烟-油轮作（TR）两种处理方式，研究种植制度如何影响土壤微生物多样性和群落结构，以及这些变化是否随后影响作物产量。结果表明，与TC相比，TR显著提高了细菌和真菌的香农指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数，表明微生物α多样性增加。一方面，由于油菜根系形态和根系分泌物的特异性，TR可能直接影响细菌和真菌群落结构。与TC相比，TR显著增加了有益细菌和真菌类群的比例，同时显著减少了土传病原菌。此外，TR增强了微生物共现网络的规模和复杂性，促进了细菌OTU之间的潜在协同作用。另一方面，TR通过改善土壤化学性质和改变微生物生活史策略间接改变微生物群落组成。与TC相比，TR显著增加了富营养菌的相对丰度，同时减少了贫营养菌。值得注意的是，与TC相比，TR显著提高了烟草产量39.6%。产量、微生物群落和土壤化学性质之间的关系表明，种植制度对烟草产量的总效应最大，而微生物群落，尤其是细菌，对烟草产量的直接效应最大。我们的研究结果突出了烟-油轮作通过直接和间接优化微生物群落结构来提高产量的潜力。
