McGirr Tom, Onar Okan, Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi
Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Turkey.
FEBS J. 2025 Mar;292(5):936-959. doi: 10.1111/febs.17217. Epub 2024 Jul 1.
Precise regulation of mRNA translation is of fundamental importance for maintaining homeostasis. Conversely, dysregulated general or transcript-specific translation, as well as abnormal translation events, have been linked to a multitude of diseases. However, driven by the misconception that the transient nature of mRNAs renders their abnormalities inconsequential, the importance of mechanisms that monitor the quality and fidelity of the translation process has been largely overlooked. In recent years, there has been a dramatic shift in this paradigm, evidenced by several seminal discoveries on the role of a key mechanism in monitoring the quality of mRNA translation - namely, Ribosome Quality Control (RQC) - in the maintenance of homeostasis and the prevention of diseases. Here, we will review recent advances in the field and emphasize the biological significance of the RQC mechanism, particularly its implications in human diseases.
mRNA翻译的精确调控对于维持体内平衡至关重要。相反，整体或转录本特异性翻译失调以及异常的翻译事件与多种疾病相关。然而，由于存在一种误解，即mRNA的短暂性使其异常无关紧要，监测翻译过程质量和保真度的机制的重要性在很大程度上被忽视了。近年来，这一范式发生了巨大转变，关于监测mRNA翻译质量的关键机制——即核糖体质量控制（RQC）——在维持体内平衡和预防疾病中的作用的几项开创性发现证明了这一点。在此，我们将综述该领域的最新进展，并强调RQC机制的生物学意义，尤其是其在人类疾病中的影响。
