Erba Ilaria, De Maria Maddalena, Saurini Manuela, Ausili Davide, Matarese Maria, Vellone Ercole
Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy.
Department of Life Health Sciences and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy.
J Clin Nurs. 2025 May;34(5):1787-1800. doi: 10.1111/jocn.17334. Epub 2024 Jul 1.
Describe and compare generic and disease-specific caregiver contribution (CC) to self-care behaviours in the dimensions of self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring and self-care management in multiple chronic conditions (MCCs).
Multicentre cross-sectional study.
We enrolled caregivers of patients with MCC, from April 2017 to November 2022, if they were (a) 18 years of age or older and (b) identified by the patient as the principal unpaid informal caregiver. The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory, Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of COPD Inventory and Caregiver Contribution to Self-care of Diabetes Inventory were used to measure generic and disease-specific contribution to patient self-care. Descriptive statistics, Student's t-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used.
We found adequate generic CC for self-care monitoring but inadequate CC in self-care maintenance and management. All CC to disease-specific self-care maintenance, monitoring and management scales' scores were inadequate, except for caregivers of diabetic patients in which we observed an adequate score in the CC to self-care maintenance and self-care management scales in those practice insulin therapy.
Caregivers experience difficulties in performing behaviours of contribution to their patients affected by chronic conditions. Caregivers of patients with MCCs contribute more to self-care in aspects related to provider prescriptions and less to lifestyle changes.
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Healthcare professionals have to know in which behaviours caregivers show gaps and reflect on the reasons for poor CC to self-care to develop interventions to enhance these behaviours.
This study underlines the importance of choosing the most appropriate instrument for measuring CC to self-care, considering the caregiver's characteristics.
We adhered to STROBE guidelines.
Caregivers of patients affected by MCCs were enrolled.
描述并比较在多种慢性病（MCC）的自我护理维持、自我护理监测和自我护理管理维度中，一般护理者贡献（CC）和疾病特异性护理者贡献对自我护理行为的影响。
多中心横断面研究。
2017年4月至2022年11月，我们招募了MCC患者的护理者，条件为：（a）年龄在18岁及以上；（b）被患者认定为主要无薪非正式护理者。使用《慢性病自我护理的护理者贡献量表》《心力衰竭自我护理的护理者贡献指数》《慢性阻塞性肺疾病自我护理的护理者贡献量表》和《糖尿病自我护理的护理者贡献量表》来测量对患者自我护理的一般和疾病特异性贡献。采用描述性统计、学生t检验和皮尔逊相关系数进行分析。
我们发现自我护理监测方面有足够的一般护理者贡献，但自我护理维持和管理方面的护理者贡献不足。除糖尿病患者的护理者外，所有疾病特异性自我护理维持、监测和管理量表的护理者贡献得分均不足，在胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者护理者中，我们观察到自我护理维持和自我护理管理量表的护理者贡献得分足够。
护理者在对受慢性病影响的患者做出贡献的行为方面存在困难。MCC患者的护理者在与医疗服务提供者处方相关的自我护理方面贡献更多，而在生活方式改变方面贡献较少。
对专业和/或患者护理的启示：医疗保健专业人员必须了解护理者在哪些行为上存在差距，并思考自我护理的护理者贡献不佳的原因，以制定干预措施来增强这些行为。
本研究强调了根据护理者的特征选择最合适的自我护理护理者贡献测量工具的重要性。
我们遵循了STROBE指南。
招募了受MCC影响患者的护理者。
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