School of Economics and Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jul;31(32):45117-45137. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34109-9. Epub 2024 Jul 3.
As environmental challenges escalate, green development is crucial for sustainability. This study analyzes China's county-level agricultural green total factor productivity using SBM and ML index, introducing a comprehensive index to quantify the impact of different types of environmental regulations on productivity. The findings reveal the following: baseline analysis reveals that comprehensive environmental regulation notably boosts agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP), with regulatory intensity positively linked to productivity growth. Other factors like policy intervention, industrial structure, savings levels, and per capita GDP also favorably impact productivity. All three types of regulations, command, incentive, and voluntary type, substantially enhance AGTFP. The mediating effect test results show that all three types of regulations directly and positively impact AGTFP. Indirect effects vary: command-type regulation's mediating effect through independent R&D is significant, accounting for 39% of the impact. For incentive type, both industry structure upgrading (23.79%) and independent R&D (3.1%) mediate the effect. For voluntary type, technological advancement via independent R&D mediates about 13.0% of the impact. Heterogeneity analysis reveals distinct impacts of different environmental regulations on AGTFP across regions. Command-type regulation is most effective in the west, while in the central region, both command- and incentive-type regulations have similar promotional effects. In the east, incentive- and voluntary-type regulations show stronger impacts. Robustness tests, including endogeneity testing, dependent variable substitution, sample winsorizing, and model substitution, consistently confirm the baseline finding that environmental regulation significantly boosts AGTFP.
随着环境挑战的加剧，绿色发展对于可持续性至关重要。本研究采用 SBM 和 ML 指数分析了中国县级农业绿色全要素生产率，引入了一个综合指数来量化不同类型的环境法规对生产率的影响。研究结果表明：基准分析显示，全面环境监管显著提高了农业绿色全要素生产率（AGTFP），监管强度与生产率增长呈正相关。其他因素，如政策干预、产业结构、储蓄水平和人均 GDP，也对生产率产生有利影响。三种类型的监管——命令型、激励型和自愿型——都显著提高了 AGTFP。中介效应检验结果表明，这三种类型的监管都直接且积极地影响了 AGTFP。间接效应各不相同：命令型监管通过独立研发的中介效应显著，占影响的 39%。对于激励型，产业结构升级（23.79%）和独立研发（3.1%）都对效应起到了中介作用。对于自愿型，独立研发通过技术进步介导了约 13.0%的影响。异质性分析显示，不同类型的环境法规对 AGTFP 的影响在不同地区存在明显差异。命令型监管在西部地区最为有效，而在中部地区，命令型和激励型监管都具有相似的促进作用。在东部地区，激励型和自愿型监管的影响更强。包括内生性检验、因变量替代、样本缩尾和模型替代在内的稳健性检验一致证实了环境监管显著提高 AGTFP 的基本发现。
