Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
Department of Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14977-13115, Iran; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran.
Biomaterials. 2024 Dec;311:122694. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122694. Epub 2024 Jun 28.
Immunotherapy is regarded as one of the most promising approaches for treating tumors, with a multitude of immunotherapeutic thoughts currently under consideration for the lethal glioblastoma (GBM). However, issues with immunotherapeutic agents, such as limited in vivo stability, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, insufficient GBM targeting, and represented monotherapy, have hindered the success of immunotherapeutic interventions. Moreover, even with the aid of conventional drug delivery systems, outcomes remain suboptimal. Biomimetic strategies seek to overcome these formidable drug delivery challenges by emulating nature's intelligent structures and functions. Leveraging the variety of biological structures and functions, biomimetic drug delivery systems afford a versatile platform with enhanced biocompatibility for the co-delivery of diverse immunotherapeutic agents. Moreover, their inherent capacity to traverse the BBB and home in on GBM holds promise for augmenting the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy. Thus, this review begins by revisiting the various thoughts and agents on immunotherapy for GBM. Then, the barriers to successful GBM immunotherapy are analyzed, and the corresponding biomimetic strategies are explored from the perspective of function and structure. Finally, the clinical translation's current state and prospects of biomimetic strategy are addressed. This review aspires to provide fresh perspectives on the advancement of immunotherapy for GBM.
免疫疗法被认为是治疗肿瘤最有前途的方法之一，目前有许多免疫治疗思路正在考虑用于致命性脑胶质瘤（GBM）。然而，免疫治疗剂存在一些问题，如体内稳定性有限、血脑屏障（BBB）穿透性差、对 GBM 的靶向性不足以及代表单药治疗等，这些问题阻碍了免疫治疗干预的成功。此外，即使借助传统的药物递送系统，结果仍然不尽如人意。仿生策略旨在通过模拟自然界的智能结构和功能来克服这些艰巨的药物递送挑战。利用各种生物结构和功能，仿生药物递送系统为共递多种免疫治疗剂提供了一个多功能平台，增强了生物相容性。此外，它们固有地穿越 BBB 并靶向 GBM 的能力有望提高 GBM 免疫治疗的疗效。因此，本综述首先回顾了用于 GBM 的各种免疫治疗思路和药物。然后，分析了成功进行 GBM 免疫治疗的障碍，并从功能和结构的角度探讨了相应的仿生策略。最后，讨论了仿生策略的临床转化现状和前景。本综述旨在为 GBM 的免疫治疗进展提供新的视角。
