Xu Yao, Zhang Ziyi, Wang Rongxiang, Xue Songguo, Ying Qian, Jin Liping
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Jun 19;12:1395331. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1395331. eCollection 2024.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by abnormal steroid hormone levels in peripheral blood and poor-quality oocytes. In the ovary, androgen is produced by theca cells, and estrogen is produced by granulosa cells. Androgen is converted to estrogen in granulosa cells, with cytochrome P450 aromatase as the limiting enzyme during this process. Estrogen receptors (ER) include ER alpha, ER beta, and membrane receptor GPR30. Studies have demonstrated that the abnormal functions of estrogen and its receptors and estradiol synthesis-related enzymes are closely related to PCOS. In recent years, some estrogen-related drugs have made significant progress in clinical application for subfertility with PCOS, such as letrozole and clomiphene. This article will elaborate on the recent advances in PCOS caused by abnormal expression of estrogen and its receptors and the application of related targeted small molecule drugs in clinical research and treatment.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种内分泌紊乱疾病，其特征为外周血中类固醇激素水平异常以及卵母细胞质量欠佳。在卵巢中，雄激素由卵泡膜细胞产生，雌激素由颗粒细胞产生。雄激素在颗粒细胞中转化为雌激素，在此过程中细胞色素P450芳香化酶是限速酶。雌激素受体（ER）包括ERα、ERβ和膜受体GPR30。研究表明，雌激素及其受体以及雌二醇合成相关酶的异常功能与PCOS密切相关。近年来，一些雌激素相关药物在PCOS所致不孕症的临床应用中取得了显著进展，如来曲唑和克罗米芬。本文将阐述雌激素及其受体异常表达所致PCOS的最新研究进展以及相关靶向小分子药物在临床研究和治疗中的应用。
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