Vieyra Elizabeth, Silva Carlos-Camilo, Linares Rosa, Rosas Gabriela, Espinoza Julieta-Azucena, Chaparro Andrea, Calderón Roberto, de la Peña Belinda, Morales-Ledesma Leticia
Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction Research Laboratory-UIBR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 09230, Mexico.
Reproductive Physiology Laboratory-UIBR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 09230, Mexico.
Molecules. 2025 Aug 18;30(16):3407. doi: 10.3390/molecules30163407.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by a clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism. In addition, PCOS is also associated with the presence of ovarian cysts, anovulation, and menstrual abnormalities such as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. The aetiology of the syndrome is multifactorial and heterogeneous due to the interaction of genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and environmental factors, as well as the different phenotypes and responses to treatments exhibited by the patients. Considering this complex interaction, it is essential to continue with the research focused on the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of the pathology. The alteration in the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is considered to be one of the main causes that contributes to its onset. In this review, we discuss recent evidence about the role of the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V), the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), key hypothalamic regions that regulate GnRH secretion, in the development of PCOS. In addition, we analyse the clinical, metabolic, and endocrine factors that interact in the patients with PCOS, offering a multifactorial perspective to improve our understanding of this disorder.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种内分泌和代谢紊乱疾病，其特征为临床和/或生化雄激素过多。此外，PCOS还与卵巢囊肿、无排卵以及月经异常（如月经稀发或闭经）有关。由于遗传、激素、代谢和环境因素的相互作用，以及患者表现出的不同表型和对治疗的反应，该综合征的病因是多因素且异质性的。考虑到这种复杂的相互作用，继续开展针对该病理过程发生和维持机制的研究至关重要。促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）脉冲式分泌的改变被认为是导致其发病的主要原因之一。在本综述中，我们讨论了关于第三脑室室周前部区域（RP3V）、弓状核（ARC）和下丘脑腹内侧核（VMH）在PCOS发病过程中的作用的最新证据，这些下丘脑关键区域调节GnRH分泌。此外，我们分析了PCOS患者中相互作用的临床、代谢和内分泌因素，提供了一个多因素视角以增进我们对该疾病的理解。
