Francia Lea, De Giorgi Riccardo, Lara Elvira, Del Castellar Blanca Dolz, Castelletti Chiara, Rodríguez-Prada Cristina, Domènech-Abella Joan, Olaya Beatriz, Haro Josep Maria, Ayuso Mateos José Luis
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS Princesa, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 8;10(11):e32594. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32594. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
Despite the availability of effective antidepressant strategies, numerous people with depressive disorders remain untreated. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected healthcare services, especially the mental health sector. This study aims to explore the coverage of depression treatments in the general Spanish population and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
We used longitudinal data (2018 and 2022) from the general Spanish population: pre-pandemic n = 1512; mean age = 65.43 years ± 14.90; 56 % females; post-pandemic n = 909; mean age = 68.00 years ± 14.24; 54 % women. The International Classification of Disease 10th edition was used to diagnose lifetime depressive episodes and severity. We explored psychological and pharmacological treatment coverage via multiple logistic regressions adjusted for 4 covariates (sex assigned at birth, education level, age, Covid-19 pandemic) for participants with a diagnosis of depression.
Treatment coverage for depression in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic samples was, respectively, 53.3 % and 51.9 %. We observed an association between severe depression and treatment coverage (OR = 2.77, 95%CI 1.05 to 7.75). We found no association between the COVID-19 pandemic and treatment coverage.
The pharmacological treatment coverage was associated with severe types of depression. The prevalence rates of treatment coverage were similar in the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic attesting to the resilience of the mental health system in Spain.
尽管有有效的抗抑郁策略，但仍有许多抑郁症患者未得到治疗。新冠疫情影响了医疗服务，尤其是心理健康领域。本研究旨在探讨西班牙普通人群中抑郁症治疗的覆盖情况以及新冠疫情的影响。
我们使用了来自西班牙普通人群的纵向数据（2018年和2022年）：疫情前n = 1512；平均年龄 = 65.43岁±14.90；女性占56%；疫情后n = 909；平均年龄 = 68.00岁±14.24；女性占54%。采用国际疾病分类第10版诊断终生抑郁发作及其严重程度。我们通过多因素logistic回归分析，对4个协变量（出生时指定的性别、教育水平、年龄、新冠疫情）进行调整，以探讨抑郁症患者的心理和药物治疗覆盖情况。
疫情前和疫情后样本中抑郁症的治疗覆盖率分别为53.3%和51.9%。我们观察到重度抑郁症与治疗覆盖率之间存在关联（OR = 2.77，95%CI 1.05至7.75）。我们未发现新冠疫情与治疗覆盖率之间存在关联。
药物治疗覆盖率与重度抑郁症类型相关。新冠疫情前后治疗覆盖率的患病率相似，这证明了西班牙心理健康系统的韧性。
