在 COVID-19 封锁期间对形象和表现增强药物使用的风险进行分析和评估。
Profiling and assessing the risks of image- and performance-enhancing drugs use during the COVID-19 lockdown.
机构信息
Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 19;12:1386721. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386721. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Image and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) can enhance mental and physical capabilities and impact one's overall health. Initially confined in sport environments, IPEDs use has become increasingly widespread in a high-performing society. The present study was aimed at profiling IPEDs use during the COVID-19 lockdown among an international sample of young adults.
METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in eight countries (United Kingdom, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, and Japan) between April and May 2020. The survey questionnaire included validated measurements such as Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) as well as questions about the type of IPEDs, purchasing methods and socio-demographic information.
RESULTS
A total of 736 IPEDs users were included in the survey. Their mean age was 33.05 years (± = 10.06), and 64.2% were female participants. Overall, 6.8% were found at risk of exercise addiction (EAI >24), 27.6% presented high levels of appearance anxiety, and 24.9% revealed low levels of emotional regulation's self-compassion. Most participants (55.6%) purchased IPEDs through pharmacies/specialized shops, while 41.3% purchased IPEDs on the Internet. Online IPEDs buyers were mainly men who had higher scores on the Exercise Addiction Inventory. One or more IPEDs classifiable as "potentially risky" were used by 66.3% of the sample. Users of "potentially risky IPEDs" were younger and primarily men. They showed higher scores both on the Exercise Addiction Inventory and Appearance Anxiety Inventory.
CONCLUSION
This study profiled users of IPEDs when the most restrictive COVID-19 lockdown policies were implemented in all the participating countries. More targeted post-COVID 19 prevention strategies should be implemented according to the emerged socio-demographic and psychopathological traits and cross-cultural differences emerged. Longitudinal studies will also be needed to determine the long-term effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on IPEDs consumption.
背景
图像和性能增强药物（IPEDs）可以增强心理和身体能力，影响整体健康。最初局限于运动环境，IPEDs 的使用在高绩效社会中变得越来越广泛。本研究旨在描绘 COVID-19 封锁期间国际年轻成年人中 IPEDs 使用情况。
方法
在 2020 年 4 月至 5 月期间，在八个国家（英国、意大利、立陶宛、匈牙利、葡萄牙、西班牙、巴西和日本）进行了横断面观察性研究。调查问卷包括经过验证的测量方法，如运动成瘾量表（EAI）、外表焦虑量表（AAI）和自我同情量表（SCS），以及关于 IPEDs 类型、购买方法和社会人口统计学信息的问题。
结果
共有 736 名 IPEDs 用户参与了调查。他们的平均年龄为 33.05 岁（±10.06），64.2%为女性参与者。总体而言，6.8%的人有运动成瘾的风险（EAI>24），27.6%表现出高度的外表焦虑，24.9%表现出自我同情的情绪调节水平较低。大多数参与者（55.6%）通过药店/专卖店购买 IPEDs，而 41.3%通过互联网购买 IPEDs。在线购买 IPEDs 的主要是男性，他们在运动成瘾量表上的得分较高。66.3%的样本使用了一种或多种可归类为“潜在风险”的 IPEDs。使用“潜在风险 IPEDs”的用户年龄较小，主要是男性。他们在运动成瘾量表和外表焦虑量表上的得分都较高。
结论
本研究描绘了在所有参与国家实施最严格的 COVID-19 封锁政策时 IPEDs 用户的情况。应根据出现的社会人口统计学和心理病理学特征以及跨文化差异，实施更有针对性的 COVID-19 后预防策略。还需要进行纵向研究，以确定 COVID-19 封锁对 IPEDs 消费的长期影响。
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