双特异性 T 细胞衔接器在肿瘤学中的给药策略和定量临床药理学。
Dosing Strategies and Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology for Bispecific T-Cell Engagers Development in Oncology.
机构信息
Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA.
Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.
出版信息
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2024 Sep;116(3):637-646. doi: 10.1002/cpt.3361. Epub 2024 Jul 4.
Bispecific T-cell Engagers (TCEs) are promising anti-cancer treatments that bind to both the CD3 receptors on T cells and an antigen on the surface of tumor cells, creating an immune synapse, leading to killing of malignant tumor cells. These novel therapies have unique development challenges, with specific safety risks of cytokine release syndrome. These on-target adverse events fortunately can be mitigated and deconvoluted from efficacy via innovative dosing strategies, making clinical pharmacology key in the development of these therapies. This review assesses dose selection and the role of quantitative clinical pharmacology in the development of the first eight approved TCEs. Model informed drug development (MIDD) strategies can be used at every stage to guide TCE development. Mechanistic modeling approaches allow for (1) efficacious yet safe first-in-human dose selection as compared with in vitro minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL) approach; (2) rapid escalation and reducing number of patients with subtherapeutic doses through model-based adaptive design; (3) virtual testing of different step-up dosing regimens that may not be feasible to be evaluated in the clinic; and (4) selection and justification of the optimal clinical step-up and full treatment doses. As the knowledge base around TCEs continues to grow, the relevance and utilization of MIDD strategies for supporting the development and dose optimization of these molecules are expected to advance, optimizing the benefit-risk profile for cancer patients.
双特异性 T 细胞衔接器(TCEs)是一种很有前途的抗癌治疗方法,它能同时与 T 细胞表面的 CD3 受体和肿瘤细胞表面的抗原结合,形成免疫突触,从而杀死恶性肿瘤细胞。这些新型疗法具有独特的开发挑战,具有细胞因子释放综合征的特定安全风险。这些靶向不良反应可以通过创新的给药策略来减轻和从疗效中分离出来,使临床药理学成为这些疗法开发的关键。这篇综述评估了前八种批准的 TCE 中剂量选择和定量临床药理学的作用。模型指导药物开发(MIDD)策略可以在每个阶段用于指导 TCE 开发。机制建模方法允许:(1)与体外最低预期生物学效应水平(MABEL)方法相比,选择有效且安全的首次人体剂量;(2)通过基于模型的适应性设计快速升级并减少接受治疗剂量但疗效不佳的患者人数;(3)虚拟测试不同的逐步递增剂量方案,这些方案在临床中可能无法评估;(4)选择和证明最佳的临床逐步递增和完全治疗剂量。随着 TCE 相关知识基础的不断发展,MIDD 策略对于支持这些分子的开发和剂量优化的相关性和利用预计将得到推进,从而优化癌症患者的获益风险状况。