Taeb Shahram, Rostamzadeh Davoud, Amini Seyed Mohammad, Rahmati Mohammad, Eftekhari Mohammad, Safari Arash, Najafi Masoud
Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
Cancer Cell Int. 2024 Jul 4;24(1):233. doi: 10.1186/s12935-024-03420-3.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate genes and are involved in various biological processes, including cancer development. Researchers have been exploring the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Specifically, targeting the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway with miRNAs has shown promise in improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT), a common cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of miRNAs targeting mTOR as therapeutic agents to enhance RT outcomes in cancer patients. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the specific miRNAs that target mTOR and their impact on radiosensitivity for personalized cancer treatment approaches. The review also discusses the role of mTOR in cell homeostasis, cell proliferation, and immune response, as well as its association with oncogenesis. It highlights the different ways in which miRNAs can potentially affect the mTOR pathway and their implications in immune-related diseases. Preclinical findings suggest that combining mTOR modulators with RT can inhibit tumor growth through anti-angiogenic and anti-vascular effects, but further research and clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of using miRNAs targeting mTOR as therapeutic agents in combination with RT. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential of miRNAs targeting mTOR to enhance RT efficacy in cancer treatment and emphasizes the need for further research to translate these findings into improved clinical outcomes.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类调控基因的小RNA分子，参与包括癌症发展在内的各种生物学过程。研究人员一直在探索miRNA作为癌症治疗中治疗药物的潜力。具体而言，用miRNA靶向雷帕霉素的哺乳动物靶点（mTOR）通路在提高放射治疗（RT）（一种常见的癌症治疗方法）的有效性方面已显示出前景。本综述概述了目前对靶向mTOR的miRNA作为治疗药物以提高癌症患者放疗效果的理解。它强调了了解靶向mTOR的特定miRNA及其对放射敏感性的影响对于个性化癌症治疗方法的重要性。该综述还讨论了mTOR在细胞稳态、细胞增殖和免疫反应中的作用，以及它与肿瘤发生的关联。它突出了miRNA可能影响mTOR通路的不同方式及其在免疫相关疾病中的意义。临床前研究结果表明，将mTOR调节剂与放疗相结合可通过抗血管生成和抗血管作用抑制肿瘤生长，但需要进一步的研究和临床试验来验证将靶向mTOR的miRNA作为治疗药物与放疗联合使用的疗效和安全性。总体而言，本综述全面阐述了靶向mTOR的miRNA在提高癌症治疗中放疗疗效方面的潜力，并强调需要进一步研究以将这些发现转化为改善的临床结果。
