D'Arcy P F
Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1985 Jul-Aug;19(7-8):540-7. doi: 10.1177/106002808501900706.
For more than 30 years nitrofurantoin has been a widely prescribed and effective agent in the treatment of urinary tract infections. During this time, it has withstood the rigors of constant clinical evaluation and has competed successfully with more recent antibacterial agents. As with many widely used drugs, some serious and potentially hazardous reactions to therapy have been documented. This article reviews and analyzes major reported reactions and interactions from both published and unpublished sources. Incidence rates have been calculated for pulmonary, hepatic, neurological, and hematological responses. Calculated rates of occurrence were very low, and ranged from 0.001 percent of courses of therapy (all types of pulmonary reactions combined) to 0.0007 percent (neurological reactions). Reports on interactions of nitrofurantoin with alcohol, antacids, and oral contraceptives are unfounded and anecdotal. Interactions with nalidixic and oxolinic acids are not clinically significant, and only one case of interaction has been reported with phenytoin. Bioavailability is enhanced by food or propantheline. False positives occur with Benedict's test for urine glucose estimations.
30多年来，呋喃妥因一直是治疗尿路感染广泛使用且有效的药物。在此期间，它经受住了持续临床评估的严格考验，并成功地与更新的抗菌药物展开竞争。与许多广泛使用的药物一样，已记录到一些严重且潜在危险的治疗反应。本文回顾并分析了已发表和未发表来源中报告的主要反应及相互作用。已计算出肺部、肝脏、神经和血液学反应的发生率。计算出的发生率非常低，范围从治疗疗程的0.001%（所有类型的肺部反应合并）到0.0007%（神经反应）。关于呋喃妥因与酒精、抗酸剂和口服避孕药相互作用的报道没有依据且属于轶事。与萘啶酸和恶喹酸的相互作用在临床上不显著，与苯妥英仅报道了1例相互作用。食物或丙胺太林可提高生物利用度。用班氏试验估计尿糖时会出现假阳性。
