Román-Hidalgo Cristina, Villar-Navarro Mercedes, Martín-Valero María Jesús, López-Pérez Germán
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
Anal Chim Acta. 2024 Aug 8;1316:342868. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342868. Epub 2024 Jun 15.
In recent decades, green chemistry has been focusing on the adaptation of different chemical methods towards environmental friendliness. Sample preparation procedures, which constitute a fundamental step in analytical methodology, have also been modified and implemented in this direction. In particular, electromembrane extraction (EME) procedures, which have traditionally used plastic supports, have been optimized towards greener approaches through the emergence of alternative materials. In this regard, biopolymer-based membranes (such as agarose or chitosan) have become versatile and very promising substitutes to perform these processes.
Different green metric tools (Analytical Eco-Scale, ComplexGAPI and AGREEprep have been applied to study the evolution of solid supports used in EME from nanostructured tissues and polymer inclusion membranes to agar films and chitosan flat membranes. The main goal is to evaluate the usage of these new biomaterials in the analytical procedure to quantify their environmental impact in the frame of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). In addition, both RGB model and BAGI metrics have been employed to study the sustainability of the whole procedure, including not only greenness, but also analytical performance and feasibility aspects. Results obtained after the performance of the mentioned metrics have demonstrated that the most efficient and environmentally friendly analytical methods are based on the use of chitosan supports. This improvement is mainly due to the chemical nature of this biopolymer as well as to the removal of organic solvents.
This work highlights the advantages of biodegradable materials employment in EME procedures to achieve green analytical methodologies. These materials also contribute to raise the figure of merits regarding to the quantification parameters in a wide range of applications compared to classical supports employed in EME, thus enhancing sustainability of procedures.
近几十年来，绿色化学一直致力于使不同化学方法更具环境友好性。作为分析方法基本步骤的样品制备程序也已朝着这个方向进行了改进和实施。特别是，传统上使用塑料载体的电膜萃取（EME）程序，通过替代材料的出现，已朝着更绿色的方法进行了优化。在这方面，基于生物聚合物的膜（如琼脂糖或壳聚糖）已成为进行这些过程的通用且非常有前景的替代品。
不同的绿色指标工具（分析生态尺度、ComplexGAPI 和 AGREEprep）已被用于研究 EME 中使用的固体支持物从纳米结构组织和聚合物包容膜到琼脂膜和壳聚糖平板膜的演变。主要目标是评估这些新型生物材料在分析程序中的使用情况，以量化它们在绿色分析化学（GAC）框架内的环境影响。此外，RGB 模型和 BAGI 指标都已被用于研究整个程序的可持续性，不仅包括绿色度，还包括分析性能和可行性方面。执行上述指标后获得的结果表明，最有效且环境友好的分析方法是基于使用壳聚糖支持物。这种改进主要归因于这种生物聚合物的化学性质以及有机溶剂的去除。
这项工作突出了在 EME 程序中使用可生物降解材料以实现绿色分析方法的优势。与 EME 中使用 的传统支持物相比，这些材料在广泛应用中也有助于提高定量参数的品质因数，从而增强程序的可持续性。
