Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Sep;120(3):656-663. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.022. Epub 2024 Jul 4.
Costa Rica is experiencing a fast demographic aging. Healthy diets may help to ameliorate the burden of aging-related conditions.
This study aimed to investigate the association of a traditional dietary pattern and 2 of its major components (beans and rice) with all-cause mortality among elderly Costa Ricans.
The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES), a prospective cohort study of 2827 elderly Costa Ricans (60+ y at baseline), started in 2004. We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess usual diet. We calculated dietary patterns using principal component analysis. Multivariate energy-adjusted proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Over a 15-y follow-up, encompassing 24,304 person-years, 1667 deaths occurred. The traditional Costa Rican dietary pattern was more frequent in rural parts of the country, and it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Subjects in the fifth quintile of intake had 18% lower all-cause mortality than those in the first quintile (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98; P-trend = 0.01), particularly among males (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). Bean intake was associated with lower all-cause mortality among all subjects (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.91, highest compared with lowest tertile) and in sex-stratified analysis. Rice consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality solely among males (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94, highest compared with lowest tertile).
Our results suggest that a traditional Costa Rican rural dietary pattern is associated with lower all-cause mortality in elderly Costa Ricans. Beans, a major component of this traditional dietary pattern, was also associated with lower all-cause mortality. These findings could have important implications for public health, given the nutritional transition and the reduction of intake of traditional diets in Latin American countries.
哥斯达黎加正经历快速人口老龄化。健康饮食可能有助于减轻与老龄化相关疾病的负担。
本研究旨在调查哥斯达黎加老年人中传统饮食模式及其两个主要组成部分（豆类和大米）与全因死亡率之间的关联。
哥斯达黎加长寿与健康老龄化研究（CRELES）是一项对 2827 名 60 岁以上老年人（基线时）的前瞻性队列研究，于 2004 年启动。我们使用食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估习惯性饮食。我们使用主成分分析计算饮食模式。使用多变量能量调整比例风险模型估计风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在 15 年的随访中，共发生 24304 人年的死亡事件，有 1667 人死亡。传统的哥斯达黎加饮食模式在该国农村地区更为常见，与全因死亡率呈负相关。摄入量处于第 5 五分位数的人群的全因死亡率比第 1 五分位数的人群低 18%（HR：0.82；95%CI：0.69，0.98；P 趋势=0.01），尤其是男性（HR：0.73；95%CI：0.56，0.95）。豆类摄入与所有受试者的全因死亡率降低相关（HR：0.79；95%CI：0.68，0.91，与最低三分位数相比），且在性别分层分析中也是如此。仅在男性中，大米消费与全因死亡率呈负相关（HR：0.75；95%CI：0.60，0.94，与最低三分位数相比）。
我们的结果表明，哥斯达黎加农村传统饮食模式与哥斯达黎加老年人的全因死亡率降低有关。这种传统饮食模式的主要组成部分豆类也与全因死亡率降低有关。鉴于拉丁美洲国家的营养转型和传统饮食摄入量减少，这些发现可能对公共卫生具有重要意义。
