Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini Snc, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
J Transl Med. 2024 Jul 7;22(1):632. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05454-7.
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer type worldwide with ~ 1.8 million deaths per-year. Smoking accounts for ~ 85% of all cases, with a described joint effect with unhealthy diet in lung cancer risk increase. Public health policies to prevent carcinogens exposure, promote smoking cessation and advocacy for healthy nutrition, are therefore highly recommended. Here we have examined the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) in protecting against some non-communicable diseases including lung cancer, highlighting the epidemiological and biomolecular aspects of MedDiet anti-inflammatory effect and its interaction with smoking habits closely linked to risk of lung cancer. Considering the high incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, we discussed also about the global impact that a Planeterranean extension of the benefits of MedDiet could have on controlling lung cancer risk. We also debated the impact of personalized nutrition on lung cancer prevention, considering individual heterogeneity in response to diet plans as well as recent advancements on nutri-omics in lung cancer research, with a specific focus on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a promising nutritional molecular hub for lung cancer prevention. We strongly believe that a deep understanding of the molecular link between food components and genetic/epigenetics factors can expand effective intervention strategies.
肺癌是全球最致命的癌症类型，每年导致约 180 万人死亡。吸烟占所有病例的约 85%，并且已有研究表明，不健康的饮食与肺癌风险增加存在联合作用。因此，强烈建议采取公共卫生政策来预防致癌物暴露、促进戒烟和倡导健康营养。在这里，我们研究了地中海饮食（MedDiet）在预防包括肺癌在内的一些非传染性疾病方面的益处，强调了 MedDiet 抗炎作用的流行病学和生物分子方面及其与吸烟习惯的相互作用，吸烟习惯与肺癌风险密切相关。考虑到肺癌的高发病率和死亡率，我们还讨论了在控制肺癌风险方面，将 MedDiet 益处扩展到全球可能产生的影响。我们还讨论了个性化营养对肺癌预防的影响，考虑到个体对饮食计划的反应存在异质性，以及营养组学在肺癌研究中的最新进展，特别关注 miRNA（miRNAs）作为肺癌预防有希望的营养分子枢纽的作用。我们坚信，深入了解食物成分与遗传/表观遗传因素之间的分子联系，可以扩展有效的干预策略。
