Robust Rain-Repellency and Droplet Bouncing Properties of Fresh and Aged Leaves Up to 6 Months.

Robust rain-repellent surfaces are useful in roofs, solar panels, windshields, etc. Herein, excellent rain-repellency and droplet bouncing properties of leaves are presented. They possess surface microbumps ( ∼ 13 μm, ∼ 8 μm, ∼ 3 μm), which in turn comprise nanoplatelets ( ∼ 741 nm, ∼ 59 nm) and Wenzel roughness ( ) of ∼2.2. The leaf's surface energy was estimated to be 9.47 ± 0.03 mJ·m by incorporating r into the van Oss-Good-Chaudhary theory. The leaves exhibited static contact angle of 157 ± 1°, roll-off angle of 9 ± 1°, and contact angle hysteresis of 12 ± 4°, which retained as they aged up to 186 days in the natural weather and laboratory conditions. The water droplets (10 μL, 40 μL) bounced off for free-fall heights from 5 cm to ∼13 m (Weber no. 36 to ∼2990) and displayed robust rain-repellency (Weber no. ∼4500), similar to that of a lotus leaf. Also, Bauhinia leaves survived pressurized water jets (Weber no. ∼4240). Nevertheless, underwater hydrophobicity has been persistent only for up to 3 h when submerged in 20 cm (∼1.96 kPa gauge pressure) deep water, while lotus leaves retained for >7 h. Such robust Bauhinia leaf's nanoplatelets and wax chemistries can be replicated onto glass/metals for preparing rain-repellent surfaces.