Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, Micronova, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Biomedicum,, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Adv Mater. 2018 Jun;30(24):e1705104. doi: 10.1002/adma.201705104. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Superhydrophobic surfaces repel water and, in some cases, other liquids as well. The repellency is caused by topographical features at the nano-/microscale and low surface energy. Blood is a challenging liquid to repel due to its high propensity for activation of intrinsic hemostatic mechanisms, induction of coagulation, and platelet activation upon contact with foreign surfaces. Imbalanced activation of coagulation drives thrombogenesis or formation of blood clots that can occlude the blood flow either on-site or further downstream as emboli, exposing tissues to ischemia and infarction. Blood-repellent superhydrophobic surfaces aim toward reducing the thrombogenicity of surfaces of blood-contacting devices and implants. Several mechanisms that lead to blood repellency are proposed, focusing mainly on platelet antiadhesion. Structured surfaces can: (i) reduce the effective area exposed to platelets, (ii) reduce the adhesion area available to individual platelets, (iii) cause hydrodynamic effects that reduce platelet adhesion, and (iv) reduce or alter protein adsorption in a way that is not conducive to thrombus formation. These mechanisms benefit from the superhydrophobic Cassie state, in which a thin layer of air is trapped between the solid surface and the liquid. The connections between water- and blood repellency are discussed and several recent examples of blood-repellent superhydrophobic surfaces are highlighted.
超疏水表面排斥水，在某些情况下，还排斥其他液体。这种排斥性是由纳米/微米尺度的形貌特征和低表面能引起的。血液是一种难以排斥的液体，因为它在与外来表面接触时极易激活内在止血机制、诱导凝血和血小板活化。凝血的不平衡激活导致血栓形成或形成血栓，这些血栓可以在原位或进一步下游作为栓塞物阻塞血流，使组织暴露于缺血和梗死之中。抗血液附着的超疏水表面旨在降低与血液接触的装置和植入物表面的血栓形成性。提出了几种导致血液排斥的机制，主要集中在血小板抗黏附上。结构化表面可以：(i)减少暴露于血小板的有效面积，(ii)减少单个血小板的附着面积，(iii)产生减少血小板附着的流体动力效应，以及 (iv)以不利于血栓形成的方式减少或改变蛋白质吸附。这些机制受益于超疏水 Cassie 状态，其中固体表面和液体之间被困住了一层薄薄的空气。讨论了水和血液排斥之间的联系，并强调了几个最近的抗血液附着的超疏水表面的例子。
