Noteboom L, Belli I, Hoozemans M J M, Seth A, Veeger H E J, Van Der Helm F C T
Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Front Physiol. 2024 Jun 21;15:1393235. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393235. eCollection 2024.
While shoulder injuries resulting from the bench press exercise are commonly reported, no biomechanical evidence for lowering injury risk is currently available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare musculoskeletal shoulder loads and potential injury risk during several bench press variations. Ten experienced strength athletes performed 21 technical variations of the barbell bench press, including variations in grip width of 1,1.5 and 2 bi-acromial widths (BAW), shoulder abduction angles of 45°, 70° and 90°, and scapula poses including neutral, retracted, and released conditions. Motions and forces were recorded by an opto-electronic measurement system and an instrumented barbell. An OpenSim musculoskeletal shoulder model was employed to estimate joint reaction forces in the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. Time-series of joint reaction forces were compared between techniques by statistical non-parametric mapping. Results showed that narrower grip widths of BAW decreased acromioclavicular compression ( < 0.05), which may decrease the risk for distal clavicular osteolysis. Moreover, scapula retraction, as well as a grip width of BAW ( < 0.05), decreased glenohumeral posterior shear force components and rotator cuff activity and may decrease the risk for glenohumeral instability and rotator cuff injuries. Furthermore, results showed that mediolaterally exerted barbell force components varied considerably between athletes and largely affected shoulder reaction forces. It can be concluded that the grip width, scapula pose and mediolateral exerted barbell forces during the bench press influence musculoskeletal shoulder loads and the potential injury risk. Results of this study can contribute to safer bench press training guidelines.
虽然卧推运动导致肩部受伤的情况时有报道，但目前尚无降低受伤风险的生物力学证据。因此，本研究的目的是比较几种卧推变式过程中肩部的肌肉骨骼负荷和潜在受伤风险。10名经验丰富的力量型运动员进行了21种杠铃卧推技术变式，包括握距为1、1.5和2倍肩峰间宽度（BAW）的变式、肩外展角度为45°、70°和90°的变式，以及包括中立位、后缩位和放松位的肩胛骨姿势。通过光电测量系统和装有传感器的杠铃记录运动和力量。采用OpenSim肌肉骨骼肩部模型来估计盂肱关节和肩锁关节的关节反应力。通过统计非参数映射比较不同技术之间的关节反应力时间序列。结果表明，握距为1倍BAW时较窄的握距可降低肩锁关节的压力（P<0.05），这可能会降低锁骨远端骨质溶解的风险。此外，肩胛骨后缩以及握距为1倍BAW（P<0.05）可降低盂肱关节后向剪切力分量和肩袖活动，可能会降低盂肱关节不稳定和肩袖损伤的风险。此外，结果表明，运动员之间杠铃力在内外侧施加的分量差异很大，且在很大程度上影响肩部反应力。可以得出结论，卧推过程中的握距、肩胛骨姿势以及杠铃在内外侧施加的力会影响肩部的肌肉骨骼负荷和潜在受伤风险。本研究结果有助于制定更安全的卧推训练指南。
