Biol Bull. 2023 Oct;245(2):57-67. doi: 10.1086/730784. Epub 2024 May 30.
AbstractThe Pacific razor clam, (Sugpiaq: Cingtaataq, Dixon, 1789), is vital to commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries across the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Despite the species' status as one of the most popular shellfish species harvested in the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, and Alaska, its larval development has never been fully characterized. Generating a developmental times series, and describing development fully, is crucial for guiding targeted management, developing a mariculture strategy for the species, and providing a more pointed avenue for studies examining the response of to ocean change. This study presents the first photographic documentation of larval development in , including the timing of key transitions during embryogenesis and early larval development. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the larval shell forms a concretion, a process typically documented in early gastropod development. This novel characterization is pertinent, as it conveys the need for the inclusion of alternative bivalve development processes, such as a concretion, in bivalve research. This study also compared development in to a global assortment of bivalve species, including two other members of the Pharidae family, determining that the timing to D-veliger and trochophore stages was similar to the majority of bivalves surveyed. While bivalve response to climate change is a topic of great interest, not all species of concern have undergone comprehensive developmental assessments, a requisite benchmark for designing climate change studies that examine early life history sensitivity to such changes. This research supports the use of comprehensive developmental studies as prerequisites for designing climate change experimentation, establishes the necessity of high-magnification and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy within developmental assessments, and provides information about the development of a cornerstone bivalve species.
摘要太平洋刀蛤（Sugpiaq：Cingtaataq，Dixon，1789）是北美洲西北太平洋沿岸商业、娱乐和自给渔业中至关重要的物种。尽管该物种是西北太平洋地区、不列颠哥伦比亚省和阿拉斯加地区最受欢迎的贝类物种之一，但它的幼虫发育过程从未被全面描述过。生成一个发育时间序列，并全面描述发育过程，对于指导有针对性的管理、制定该物种的海水养殖策略以及为研究海洋变化对贝类的影响提供更有针对性的途径至关重要。本研究首次以照片形式记录了太平洋刀蛤的幼虫发育过程，包括胚胎发生和早期幼虫发育过程中的关键转变时间。扫描电子显微镜显示，幼虫的壳是通过一个凝结过程形成的，这一过程通常在早期腹足动物发育中被记录。这一新颖的特征很重要，因为它表明需要在双壳类动物研究中纳入替代的双壳类动物发育过程，如凝结。本研究还比较了 与全球一系列双壳类物种的发育情况，包括 Pharidae 家族的另外两个成员，确定 D 型面盘幼虫和担轮幼虫阶段的时间与大多数调查的双壳类相似。虽然双壳类动物对气候变化的反应是一个非常关注的话题，但并非所有受关注的物种都经历过全面的发育评估，这是设计研究早期生活史对这些变化敏感性的气候变化研究的必要基准。这项研究支持将全面的发育研究作为设计气候变化实验的先决条件，确立了在发育评估中使用高倍和高分辨率扫描电子显微镜的必要性，并提供了关于基石双壳类物种发育的信息。
