B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Cell Rep. 2024 Jul 23;43(7):114435. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114435. Epub 2024 Jul 9.
Cell membranes mediate interactions between life and its environment, with lipids determining their properties. Understanding how cells adjust their lipidomes to tune membrane properties is crucial yet poorly defined due to the complexity of most organisms. We used quantitative shotgun lipidomics to study temperature adaptation in the simple organism Mycoplasma mycoides and the minimal cell JCVI-syn3B. We show that lipid abundances follow a universal logarithmic distribution across eukaryotes and bacteria, with comparable degrees of lipid remodeling for adaptation regardless of lipidomic or organismal complexity. Lipid features analysis demonstrates head-group-specific acyl chain remodeling as characteristic of lipidome adaptation; its deficiency in Syn3B is associated with impaired homeoviscous adaptation. Temporal analysis reveals a two-stage cold adaptation process: swift cholesterol and cardiolipin shifts followed by gradual acyl chain modifications. This work provides an in-depth analysis of lipidome adaptation in minimal cells, laying a foundation to probe the design principles of living membranes.
细胞膜介导生命与其环境之间的相互作用，其中脂质决定了它们的性质。了解细胞如何调整其脂类组以调节膜性质至关重要，但由于大多数生物体的复杂性，目前还定义不明确。我们使用定量 shotgun 脂质组学研究了简单生物支原体和最小细胞 JCVI-syn3B 的温度适应。我们表明，脂质丰度在真核生物和细菌中呈普遍的对数分布，无论脂质组学或生物体的复杂性如何，适应过程中的脂质重塑程度相当。脂质特征分析表明，头部基团特异性酰基链重塑是脂类组适应的特征；Syn3B 中缺乏这种重塑与自主同型适应受损有关。时间分析揭示了一个两阶段的冷适应过程：快速的胆固醇和心磷脂转移，随后是逐渐的酰基链修饰。这项工作对最小细胞中的脂类组适应进行了深入分析，为探究活细胞膜的设计原则奠定了基础。
