Pediatrics and child health nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
NICU, Dessie Hospital, Desse, Ethiopia.
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2024 Jul 10;8(1):e002364. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002364.
Preterm infants are highly susceptible to infections, which significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of topical emollient oil application in preventing infections among preterm infants.
A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Clinical trials, Epistemonikos, HINARI and Global Index Medicus) and other sources. A total of 2185 articles were identified and screened for eligibility. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomised controlled trials. Data analysis was performed using StataCrop MP V.17 software. Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using the I and Cochrane Q test statistics. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist guided the presentation of the results.
Of 2185 retrieved articles from initial searches, 11 met eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. A random effects meta-analysis revealed that infants who received massages with emollient oils had a 21% reduced risk of infection (risk ratio=0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.97, I=0.00%). Subgroup analyses indicated that preterm babies who received topical emollient oil massages with coconut oil, administered twice a day for more than 2 weeks, had a lower likelihood of acquiring an infection compared with their non-massaged counterparts.
It is quite evident from this analysis that topical emollient oil application in preterm neonates is most likely effective in preventing infection. However, further studies, particularly from the African continent, are warranted to support universal recommendations.
早产儿极易感染，这显著增加了发病率和死亡率。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在调查局部润肤油应用预防早产儿感染的效果。
全面检索了多个电子数据库（PubMed、Cochrane、Scopus、ClinicalTrials、Epistemonikos、HINARI 和 Global Index Medicus）和其他来源，共识别并筛选出 2185 篇文章以评估纳入研究的质量。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具评估随机对照试验的质量。使用 StataCrop MP V.17 软件进行数据分析。使用 I 和 Cochrane Q 检验统计量评估研究间的异质性。进行敏感性和亚组分析。系统评价和荟萃分析报告的首选条目（PRISMA）检查表指导结果呈现。
从最初搜索中检索到的 2185 篇文章中，有 11 篇符合纳入标准并纳入最终分析。随机效应荟萃分析显示，接受润肤油按摩的婴儿感染风险降低了 21%（风险比=0.79，95%置信区间 0.64 至 0.97，I=0.00%）。亚组分析表明，与未接受按摩的早产儿相比，接受椰子油局部润肤油按摩且每天按摩两次以上超过 2 周的早产儿感染的可能性较低。
从这项分析中可以明显看出，局部应用润肤油对预防早产儿感染可能是有效的。然而，需要进一步的研究，特别是来自非洲大陆的研究，以支持普遍的推荐。
